Abstract:Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem in endemic areas. The objective of the current study was to investigate the immunotherapeutic activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (HEG) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in the treatment of Leishmania major (L. major)‐infected BALB/c mice. In this study, the effect of HEG and GA was checked in vitro on growth of L. major promastigote and amastigote using MTT assay and microscopic counting, respectively. For in vivo experim… Show more
“…Recently, a group of researcher showed that ethanol extract of G. glabra containing polysaccharides enhances the immunity through elevating the extents of serum IgG, IgM and IgA as well as by enhancing the prevalence of the lymphocytes in the spleen ( Ng et al, 2021 ). Similarly, hydroalcohol extract of G. glabra and glycyrrhizic acid was found to significantly exhibits therapeutic and immunomodulatory activity as evidence from experiments on L. major -infected BALB/c mice ( Sheikhi et al, 2021 ). Figure 3 Immunomodulators effects of G. glabra L. …”
Section: Potential Health Benefit Of
G Glabra
As Anti-inflammatory Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Agentsmentioning
Background
Glycyrrhiza glabra
L. (
G. glabra
) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments.
Method
Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper.
Results
The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on
G. glabra
and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on
G. glabra
and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection.
Conclusion
Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for several pharmacological emphasizing anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
“…Recently, a group of researcher showed that ethanol extract of G. glabra containing polysaccharides enhances the immunity through elevating the extents of serum IgG, IgM and IgA as well as by enhancing the prevalence of the lymphocytes in the spleen ( Ng et al, 2021 ). Similarly, hydroalcohol extract of G. glabra and glycyrrhizic acid was found to significantly exhibits therapeutic and immunomodulatory activity as evidence from experiments on L. major -infected BALB/c mice ( Sheikhi et al, 2021 ). Figure 3 Immunomodulators effects of G. glabra L. …”
Section: Potential Health Benefit Of
G Glabra
As Anti-inflammatory Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Agentsmentioning
Background
Glycyrrhiza glabra
L. (
G. glabra
) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments.
Method
Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper.
Results
The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on
G. glabra
and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on
G. glabra
and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection.
Conclusion
Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for several pharmacological emphasizing anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
“…Likewise, G. glabra in combination with other immunostimulant plants directly potentiates the T-cell function and enhances the immune response of the body (Kaur et al, 2017). In addition, some other extracts, such as hydroalcoholic extract of G. glabra and glycyrrhizic acid also have immunomodulatory impacts (Sheikhi et al, 2021). Due to the immunity-stimulant activity of the plant, it protects the different cells, tissues, and organs of the human body (Bisht et al, 2021).…”
The ancient Indian traditional medical system known as Ayurveda has long recognized the value of natural treatments, such as medicinal plants, in enhancing immune system function and general well-being. The main Ayurvedic medicinal herbs recognized for their ability to stimulate immunity include Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Emblica officinalis (Amla), Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), show a range of immunomodulatory benefits, such as increased immune cell activity, anti-inflammatory responses, and antioxidant qualities. Gaining knowledge about and utilizing the benefits of these Ayurvedic medicinal herbs can greatly boost immunity and enhance general well-being. In Ayurveda, ashwagandha is a typical adaptogenic plant used to decrease stress and strengthen immunity. It is thought to strengthen the body's resistance to a range of illnesses and infections. In Ayurveda, tulsi is revered as a sacred herb. It can help boost immunity and fight infections because of its antibacterial and immunomodulatory qualities. Neem possesses antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. It is useful in treating and preventing a variety of infections since it strengthens the immune system and purifies the blood. This chapter elaborates on certain medicinal plants known for their immune-stimulating properties.
“…A similar effect of GA has been reported very recently in CL. Treatment with GA and hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes [ 328 ]. Another immunomodulator that has been very recently reported to possess antileishmanial potency is genipin.…”
Section: Advent Of Immunomodulators: Futuristic Antileishmanial Therapy?mentioning
Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus
Leishmania
. Infection by different species of
Leishmania
results in various host immune responses, which usually lead to parasite clearance and may also contribute to pathogenesis and, hence, increasing the complexity of the disease. Interestingly, the parasite tends to reside within the unfriendly environment of the macrophages and has evolved various survival strategies to evade or modulate host immune defense. This can be attributed to the array of virulence factors of the vicious parasite, which target important host functioning and machineries. This review encompasses a holistic overview of leishmanial virulence factors, their role in assisting parasite-mediated evasion of host defense weaponries, and modulating epigenetic landscapes of host immune regulatory genes. Furthermore, the review also discusses the diagnostic potential of various leishmanial virulence factors and the advent of immunomodulators as futuristic antileishmanial drug therapy.
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