Immunosuppressive effects of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in broiler chickens and the protective effect of HVT vaccination against MDV challenge

Islam, Aminul; Wong, Chun Wai; Walkden‐Brown, Stephen W.; Colditz, Ian G.; Arzey, K E; Groves, Peter J.

doi:10.1080/0307945021000005824

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, these immunosuppressive diseases and their subsequent secondary infections often affect commercial chickens. According to previous reports, the co-infection of REV with MDV is common in many countries; however, the mechanism of MDV-or REV-induced immunosuppression has not been fully elucidated (Davidson & Boreshtain, 2001;Islam et al, 2002). Zheng et al (2006) observed that an increase in the incidence of MD in broilers was associated with a simultaneous increase in the incidence of REV in chickens.…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Co-infection Of Avian Leukosis Virus (Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Co-infection of Avian Leukosis Virus (subgroups A-E) and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus)

Khordadmehr

Firouzamandi

Zehtab-Najafi

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Most of the neoplastic diseases affecting poultry have a viral etiology, such as Marek's disease, avian leukosis/sarcoma and reticuloendotheliosis. In the present paper, histopathology and molecular methods were performed, in addition of necropsy and gross morphology evaluation, for the differential diagnosis of these diseases in two green peafowls (Pavo muticus). The affected birds showed nonspecific signs, such as depression, anorexia, and diarrhea. At necropsy, diffuse enlargement by several times the normal size of the liver and the spleen was observed. In one of the birds, the liver presented white to grayish discoloration was present, and focal and nodular growths in the other bird. Grossly, the other visceral organs and the peripheral nerves were normal. Microscopically, most of the tumor cells were large and uniform with pleomorphic nuclei. The PCR analysis for Marek's disease virus (MDV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)based on their specific sequences showed the presence of ALV subgroups A-E and REV. According to these results, definitive diagnosis was co-infection of ALV and REV in naturally-infected green peafowls.

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Section: Naturally Occurring Co-infection Of Avian Leukosis Virus (Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Co-infection of Avian Leukosis Virus (subgroups A-E) and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus)

Khordadmehr

Firouzamandi

Zehtab-Najafi

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…One of the most interesting additions to the accumulated knowledge for research focusing on controlling infectious diseases has been a better understanding of how the host's immune system recognizes danger signals (Babiuk et al, 2003). The viruses that cause immunosuppressive effects in chickens are oncogenic viruses such as Marek disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and avian leukosis virus (ALV), certain respiratory viruses such as infectious laryngiotrachitis virus (ILTV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and reoviruses, besides the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chicken anaemia virus (CAV), and adenoviruses (Van den Berg, 1996;Islam et al, 2002), which are of major interest because of the widespread occurrence of the infections in commercial chickens and the severe economic losses they cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economically Important Non-oncogenic Immunosuppressive Viral Diseases of Chicken—Current Status

Balamurugan

Kataria

2006

Vet Res Commun

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Immunosuppressive viral diseases threaten the poultry industry by causing heavy mortality and economic loss of production, often as a result of the chickens' increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. This paper aimed to present an up-to-date review of three specific economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chickens, viz. chicken infectious anaemia (CIA), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), with emphasis on their immunosuppressive effects. CIA and IBD causes immunosuppression in chickens and the socio-economic significance of these diseases is considerable worldwide. CIA occurs following transovarian transmission of chicken anaemia virus and has potential for inducing immunosuppression alone or in combination with other infectious agents, and is characterized by generalized lymphoid atrophy, increased mortality and severe anemia. The virus replicates in erythroid and lymphoid progenitor cells, causing inapparent, sub-clinical infections that lead to depletion of these cells with consequent immunosuppressive effects. The IBD virus replicates extensively in IgM(+) cells of the bursa and chickens may die during the acute phase of the disease, although IBD virus-induced mortality is highly variable and depends, among other factors, upon the virulence of the virus strain. The sub-clinical form is more common than clinical IBD because of regular vaccination on breeding farms. Infection at an early age significantly compromises the humoral and local immune responses of chickens because of the direct effect of B cells or their precursors. HPS is a recently emerged immunosuppressive disease of 3-6-weeked broilers, characterized by sudden onset, high mortality, typical hydropericardium and enlarged mottled and friable livers, with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes. The agent, fowl adenovirus-4, causes immunosuppression by damaging lymphoid tissues; the presence of IBD and CIA viruses may predispose for HPS or HPS may predispose for other viral infections. Synergism with CIA or other virus infections or prior immunosuppression is necessary to produce IBH-HPS in chickens and the susceptibility of chickens infected with fowl adenovirus varies throughout the course of CIA infection. The mechanism of immunosuppression has been studied in detail for certain chicken viruses at molecular levels, which will provides new opportunities to control these diseases by vaccination.

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“…Additionally, this disease has a sever immune suppressive nature which may be due to cell cytolysis and lymphomas development (Calnek, 2001). Therefore, MD infection is associated with great economic losses that are related to the cost of vaccination, morbidities, mortalities and the increased susceptibility of the infected birds to other infections as a result of MD induced immunosuppression (Islam et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines Evaluation of Different Mareks Disease Virus Vaccines in Broiler Chickens

Abdelhamid¹,

Torky²,

Khalil³

2017

AJVS

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Key words:Marek's disease vaccines, Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, RT-PCR, Chicken Marek's disease is an immune suppressive disease that threatens poultry industry. It is controlled by vaccination against MDV. However, the post vaccination immune mechanisms remain vague. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the transcripts of the cellular immune responses of two commercial vaccines (CVI988 and HVT strains) compared to control non-vaccinated chickens through the analyses of several cytokine responses. The mRNA was extracted from the bursa of Fabricius and thymus, sampled at 7, 14 and 21 days post-immunization (PI) of both vaccinated and control groups. Several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions were analyzed using RT-PCR. Early significant up-regulation of IFN-γ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine was observed. Also, upregulation of other cytokines like IL-1β and IL-6 was observed at different time points along with minimal nonsignificant expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in both of vaccinated groups. Meanwhile, a late upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 was only noticed by 21 day PI. These findings show that both vaccinal strains mimic the natural infection by inducing early cell-mediated inflammatory responses, while devoid the long-term immune suppressive effect of natural infection. Additionally, vaccination triggers anti-tumor cell-mediated responses as indicated by the late increase of IL-10 expression. Furthermore, the observed cytokine responses following CV1988 strain supports its previously reported efficacy over HVT strain, making the Rispens vaccine more suitable candidate for Egyptian field conditions. Additionally, the early observed up-regulation of IFN-γ cytokine nominates its administration as an adjuvant with the Rispens vaccine; this may provide synergistic immunomodulatory capacities to the available vaccines and better levels of protection.

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Immunosuppressive effects of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in broiler chickens and the protective effect of HVT vaccination against MDV challenge

Abstract: Much of the impact of Marek's disease in broiler chickens is considered to be due to immunosuppression induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV). The present study evaluates the effects of an

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Naturally Occurring Co-infection of Avian Leukosis Virus (subgroups A-E) and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus)

Naturally Occurring Co-infection of Avian Leukosis Virus (subgroups A-E) and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus)

Economically Important Non-oncogenic Immunosuppressive Viral Diseases of Chicken—Current Status

Cytokines Evaluation of Different Mareks Disease Virus Vaccines in Broiler Chickens

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