Abstract:Most of the neoplastic diseases affecting poultry have a viral etiology, such as Marek's disease, avian leukosis/sarcoma and reticuloendotheliosis. In the present paper, histopathology and molecular methods were performed, in addition of necropsy and gross morphology evaluation, for the differential diagnosis of these diseases in two green peafowls (Pavo muticus). The affected birds showed nonspecific signs, such as depression, anorexia, and diarrhea. At necropsy, diffuse enlargement by several times the norma… Show more
“…This finding is similar to the findings of Vascellari et al (2009) [15], who reported similar results in dogs and cats and partly agrees with the findings of Witter et al (1973) [25], who reported that older birds were fully susceptible to infection with Marek's disease virus and were only slightly resistant to the development of microscopic lesions. This is also similar to the findings of Sani et al (2017) [26] for chicken and Khordadmehr et al (2017) [27], in Pea fowls. Therefore, age, breed and sex are major risk factors for neoplasm development as similarly observed in the reports of Garcia et al (2019) [24].…”
Incidence data from 17-year veterinary neoplasm surveillance and registration were reviewed. Most of the neoplastic cases diagnosed in Nigerian veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) were in the avian (49%) and canine species (44%). Fewer cases were recorded in the equine (3.2%), bovine (2.4%), ovine (1.5%), caprine (0.3%) and porcine (0.15%) species. Marek’s disease was the most prevalently diagnosed neoplastic disease of domestic animals in Nigerian VTHs from 2000–2017. Also, the Nigerian local breed had a higher mean distribution than any other dog breed and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Nearly all of the neoplastic cases diagnosed, were found in females (60.4%) and so the mean distribution of sex was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The digestive system, with 296 (46.25%) cases, was the anatomic location where the majority of the neoplastic cases were found. However, the mean distribution of different neoplastic anatomic sites was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, little emphasis is given to the appropriate diagnosis and recording of neoplastic cases that are diagnosed. The study provides information regarding the prevalence and distribution of tumours in different animal species consulted in Nigeria veterinary teaching hospitals. To illustrate all of this, ArcGIS software was used. Veterinary clinicians, pathologists and epidemiologists from Nigeria may benefit from the results of this study by freely accessing some specific data regarding the breed, the age group or the gender of some animal species diagnosed with different tumours.
“…This finding is similar to the findings of Vascellari et al (2009) [15], who reported similar results in dogs and cats and partly agrees with the findings of Witter et al (1973) [25], who reported that older birds were fully susceptible to infection with Marek's disease virus and were only slightly resistant to the development of microscopic lesions. This is also similar to the findings of Sani et al (2017) [26] for chicken and Khordadmehr et al (2017) [27], in Pea fowls. Therefore, age, breed and sex are major risk factors for neoplasm development as similarly observed in the reports of Garcia et al (2019) [24].…”
Incidence data from 17-year veterinary neoplasm surveillance and registration were reviewed. Most of the neoplastic cases diagnosed in Nigerian veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) were in the avian (49%) and canine species (44%). Fewer cases were recorded in the equine (3.2%), bovine (2.4%), ovine (1.5%), caprine (0.3%) and porcine (0.15%) species. Marek’s disease was the most prevalently diagnosed neoplastic disease of domestic animals in Nigerian VTHs from 2000–2017. Also, the Nigerian local breed had a higher mean distribution than any other dog breed and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Nearly all of the neoplastic cases diagnosed, were found in females (60.4%) and so the mean distribution of sex was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The digestive system, with 296 (46.25%) cases, was the anatomic location where the majority of the neoplastic cases were found. However, the mean distribution of different neoplastic anatomic sites was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, little emphasis is given to the appropriate diagnosis and recording of neoplastic cases that are diagnosed. The study provides information regarding the prevalence and distribution of tumours in different animal species consulted in Nigeria veterinary teaching hospitals. To illustrate all of this, ArcGIS software was used. Veterinary clinicians, pathologists and epidemiologists from Nigeria may benefit from the results of this study by freely accessing some specific data regarding the breed, the age group or the gender of some animal species diagnosed with different tumours.
“…REV was also integrated into another DNA virus, Marek's disease as demonstrated by Davidson and Silva, (2008). Many studies have reported that coinfection of REV with Marek's disease and Avian leukosis complex in poultry (Khordadmehr et al, 2017).…”
The present study was carried out to identify avian neoplastic viruses in the formalin fixed tissues of fancy chicken. The tissue samples collected during necropsy were examined by histopathology. It showed lymphoid and reticular cell infiltration in kidney, liver and lungs. For identification and differentiation of avian neoplastic viruses, PCR was performed using primer sets specific for Mareks disease virus, avian leukosis complex and reticuloendotheliosis virus. It was found that tumors were REV originated. Further confirmation, purified PCR product was subjected to sequencing. It showed 99% homology with other REV isolates available in the NCBI database. The present communication describes infection of a fancy chicken with REV on the basis of histopathological findings as well as molecular methods.
“…Natural infection by ALV-A through E has been reported in other birds, including two green peafowl (Pavo muticus) with neoplasia [146] and in wild ostriches from a farm in Zimbabwe, which tested positive for antibodies and at least one case had clinical illness [147].…”
Section: Alv Prevalence In Non-chicken Speciesmentioning
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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