Immunosuppression—An overview

Miller, Ellen

doi:10.1016/s1096-2867(97)80025-4

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Comparison of immune cell data for 395-398 (2004) of the study showed that NSVO acts as a potential agent in reducing serum antibody titre. This outcome corresponds to the reports on immunosupressive antineoplastic drugs (Miller, 1997) as well as the Allium cepa (Chisty et al, 1996). Use of NSVO also produced a significant decrease in splenocytes and neutrophils, but a rise in peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes, which matches the reports of Benjamin et al (1991) and Lau et al (1991).…”

Section: Screening Of Cytotoxic Activitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa

Islam

Begum

Ahsan

et al. 2004

Phytotherapy Research

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In this study the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds (NSVO) was investigated for its immunomodulating and cytotoxic properties. A rat model was designed to examine the effect of NSVO on selected immune components. Long-Evans rats were challenged with a specific antigen (typhoid TH) and treated with NSVO; and the changes produced in their serum antibody titre along with the splenocytes and peripheral immune cells were analysed. Antibody titre for the experimental animal was found to be 1280 as compared to the 2560 in the control rats. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in splenocytes and neutrophils counts, but a rise in peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes in the experimental animals. To test the cytotoxicity of NSVO, a panel of five human cancer cell lines and a fibroblast line was used. The MTT assay was employed to estimate the cell mortality. Vinblastine sulphate and mitomycin C were used as the positive control. LC(50) values for NSVO were 155.02 +/- 10.4, 185.77 +/- 2.9, 120.40 +/- 20.5, 384.53 +/- 12.1 and 286.83 +/- 23.3 micro g/ml respectively against the SCL, SCL-6, SCL-37'6, NUGC-4 cancer lines and 3T6 fibroblast line. Results indicate that the NSVO could be considered as a potential immunosuppressive cytotoxic agent.

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Section: Screening Of Cytotoxic Activitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa

Islam

Begum

Ahsan

et al. 2004

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Azathioprine is an imidazole antimetabolite and acts as a purine antagonist by competing with purine amino acids in the synthesis of nucleic acids (Beale 1988); it has been used successfully in the treatment of immunemediated thrombo cytopenia in horses (Humber and others 1991). The use of cytotoxic drugs may be accompanied by potentially severe side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal upsets and liver damage (Miller 1997), but no side effects were observed in these two horses. However, haematological analyses and platelet counts should be made to test for potential bone marrow suppression, together with tests for liver damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Idiopathic immune‐mediated polysynovitis in three horses

et al. 2006

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This paper describes the clinical, laboratory and histological findings in three horses with immune-mediated polysynovitis; they had lost weight, suffered intermittent fever, were lethargic and stiff, and had effusions in several joints. Laboratory abnormalities included anaemia, leucocytosis, hyperfibrinogenaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. The diagnosis was based on the presence of a suppurative, non-septic inflammation in at least two different joints in each of the horses and the presence of immunoglobulins in the synovial membrane of one of them. The horses were treated with a combination of dexamethasone and azathioprine, and responded well to the initial treatment. Twenty months after its last re-evaluation, the first horse was being maintained on azathioprine because similar clinical signs had recurred after the cytotoxic drug was discontinued; the second horse was finishing a tapering course of prednisolone 15 months after its first examination, and the third horse was euthanased five months after it was first examined as a result of an unrelated injury.

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“…The disadvantages of immunomodulatory therapy vary with the drug. Cytotoxic drugs such as azathioprine can have severe, sometimes life‐threatening side effects including bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal disturbances (Miller 1997, Cinauskas and others 2000). Prednisolone at immunosuppressive dosages can have side effects consistent with iatroagenic hyperadrenocorticism, including polyuria, polydipsia, muscle atrophy, polyphagia, urinary tract infections, and high serum activities of liver enzymes, especially steroid‐induced alkaline phosphatase (Cinauskas and others 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of once daily treatment with cyclosporine for anal furunculosis in dogs

Doust

Griffiths²,

Sullivan

2003

Veterinary Record

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Twenty-four dogs with anal furunculosis were treated with cyclosporine once daily for 13 weeks at dosages of 1.5, 3.0, 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg, and re-examined after six and 12 months. After 13 weeks the disease in six of the dogs was in remission, 11 were controlled or improved and seven had failed to respond. The response of the dogs given the highest dose was significantly better than the response of the other groups taken together (P< 0.014), and better than the responses of the groups given 1.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The dogs improved clinically during the treatment, most rapidly during the first five weeks. Of the six dogs that were in remission after 13 weeks, three relapsed after one, two and six months. The 11 dogs that were improved or controlled after 13 weeks were either left untreated or were continued on cyclosporine medication for one to three months at a dosage of 1.5 to 7.5 mg/kg; the disease went into remission in four cases and remained controlled in the other seven, but four of the 11 cases relapsed during the 12 months following the treatment. The side effects observed included increased coat turnover and transient vomiting.

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Immunosuppression—An overview

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa

Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa

Idiopathic immune‐mediated polysynovitis in three horses

Evaluation of once daily treatment with cyclosporine for anal furunculosis in dogs

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