Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children

Del-Río-Navarro, Blanca E.; Espinosa-Rosales, Francisco; Flenady, Vicki; Sienra-Monge, Juan-Jose

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004974.pub2

Cited by 84 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The authors included ten OM-85 BV studies, plus one study with LW50020 (Luivac) and another with IRS19. Considering only these products, they omitted to include one OM-85 BV study and another LW50020 study [4]. Yet, other products with a similar profile were not considered in the search; ismigen, lantigen B, and pulmonar OM, among others.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Yet, other products with a similar profile were not considered in the search; ismigen, lantigen B, and pulmonar OM, among others. There are two lantigen B studies that could be included [4].Other products of bacterial origin, such as D53 (Ribovac, Ribomunyl, Immucothel, proteoglycans of K. pneumoniae, plus bacterial ribosomes) and RU41740 (biostim, glycoprotein, and membranes of Klebsiella pneumoniae), were not mentioned. There are 16 D53 studies and five RU41740 studies reported in the literature [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Commentary on “Oral purified bacterial extracts in acute respiratory tract infections in childhood: a systematic review”

Del-Río-Navarro

Blandon-Vigil

2007

Eur J Pediatr

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We have followed the papers of Dr. Steurer-Stey on the field of immunostimulants in the prevention of respiratory disease [1,5,6]. In the last paper, she studied the effect of OM-85-BV and other bacterial extracts in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children [6].Although the systematic review deals with oral purified bacterial extracts, the results and conclusions referred only to OM-85 BV. The authors included ten OM-85 BV studies, plus one study with LW50020 (Luivac) and another with IRS19. Considering only these products, they omitted to include one OM-85 BV study and another LW50020 study [4]. Yet, other products with a similar profile were not considered in the search; ismigen, lantigen B, and pulmonar OM, among others. There are two lantigen B studies that could be included [4].Other products of bacterial origin, such as D53 (Ribovac, Ribomunyl, Immucothel, proteoglycans of K. pneumoniae, plus bacterial ribosomes) and RU41740 (biostim, glycoprotein, and membranes of Klebsiella pneumoniae), were not mentioned. There are 16 D53 studies and five RU41740 studies reported in the literature [4].We agree that the reported outcomes were very diverse and that they were not standardized and, therefore, difficult to combine and analyze. However, the authors found that nine out of the 13 included studies reported the number of ARTIs, but they did not analyze this finding, which may be the primary outcome for the meta-analysis.We have realized three meta-analyses/systematic reviews on the use of immunostimulants for the prevention of ARTIs in children [2][3][4]. In the three instances, we combined the data as the mean and standard deviation of the number of ARTIs in the placebo and treatment groups, and the number of ARTIs as percentages regarding the mean number of ARTIs in the placebo group as 100%. The meta-analyses used a random-effects model and the results were presented as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Cochrane's Review Manager software was used in all of the analyses.In the Cochrane Database Systematic Review [4], the subanalysis including all of the bacterial products disclosed a mean difference in the number of ARTIs of −1.47 (−1.92, −1.01), I-squared 93.9%, and a mean percentage difference of −42.93 (−50.53 to −35.32), I-squared 67.6%; in both cases, the number of studies was 23 and there were 1,971 participants. The main sources of heterogeneity were the number of ARTIs in the placebo group and the kind of product used.In a comparative meta-analysis [3], the effect of OM-85 BV was a mean difference in the number of ARTIs of −1.20 (−1.70, −0.69), I-squared 82.5%, and a mean percentage difference of −39.28 (−52.58, −25.98), I-squared 69.2; the number of studies was 8 and there were 669 participants.We conclude that there is evidence of the reduction in the incidence of ARTIs using this kind of bacterial immunostimulant in children. Yet, due to the high heterogeneity and the poor to moderate quality of the trials, the results must be cautiously int...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Commentary on “Oral purified bacterial extracts in acute respiratory tract infections in childhood: a systematic review”

Del-Río-Navarro

Blandon-Vigil

2007

Eur J Pediatr

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“…This review showed that immunostimulants reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections in children, by 40% on average. The subgroup analysis of bacterial extracts studies produced similar results, with lower heterogeneity (Del-Rio-Navarro et al, 2006). In review performed by Braido et al (2007) both in children and adults protective effect of bacterial extracts was found such as general reduction of infection rates, reduction of their duration, beneficial effect on symptoms, and reduction of the use of antibiotics.…”

Section: Bacterial Extracts (Lysates)mentioning

confidence: 70%

Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children – Definition, Diagnostic Approach, Treatment and Prevention

Jeseňák¹,

Ciljakova²,

Rennerova³

et al. 2011

Bronchitis

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“…Для неспецифической иммунопрофилактики респираторных инфекций у детей используют препараты интерферона и различные его индукторы, а также бакте-риальные иммуномодуляторы. При этом наибольшую до-казательную базу имеют иммуномодуляторы бактериаль-ного происхождения, среди которых особый интерес представляет рибомунил [29][30][31].…”

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Immunoprophylaxis of infections of the upper respiratory tract in the frequently ill children

Ep¹,

Zaplatnikov²,

Da³

2015

Vestn. otorinolaringol.

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В повседневной практике врачи нередко пользуются определением «часто болеющие дети» (ЧБД), выделяя группу детей с более высоким, чем у сверстников, уров-нем заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями [1,2]. Это определяет необходимость уточнения причин и нозо-логической верификации причин рецидивов инфекций респираторного тракта в каждом конкретном случае. У большинства больных при этом имеют место острые по-ражения верхнего отдела дыхательных путей, обусловлен-ные респираторными вирусами. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ), как правило, протекают в легкой форме и заканчиваются самовыздоровлением па-циентов на 5-10-й дни заболевания. Однако в ряде случа-ев отмечаются бактериальные осложнения ОРВИ в виде острого среднего отита, аденоидита, риносинусита [3][4][5][6].Острый средний отит (ОСО) является самым частым бактериально ассоциированным осложнением ОРВИ у детей дошкольного возраста. Так, по материалам зарубеж-ной литературы, у детей раннего возраста ОСО, как ос-ложнение ОРВИ, развивается в 37% случаев [7]. По дан-ным отечественных авторов, 44% детей переносят хотя бы один эпизод ОСО на первом году жизни, а 7-8% -3 эпи-

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Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children

Cited by 84 publications

References 95 publications

Commentary on “Oral purified bacterial extracts in acute respiratory tract infections in childhood: a systematic review”

Commentary on “Oral purified bacterial extracts in acute respiratory tract infections in childhood: a systematic review”

Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children – Definition, Diagnostic Approach, Treatment and Prevention

Immunoprophylaxis of infections of the upper respiratory tract in the frequently ill children

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