ImmunoScore Signature

Abstract

The ISGC classifier could effectively predict recurrence and survival of GC, and complemented the prognostic value of the TNM staging system. Moreover, the ISGC might be a useful predictive tool to identify stage II and III GC patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Gene expression profiles for a prognostic immunoscore in gastric cancer

“…Several models17, 18, 19 based on immunoscoring have been reported to quantify the immune contexture and to provide a statistically strong parameter for prognosis in patients with various types of solid tumour, including gastric cancer2. In these studies, immunohistochemistry was one common research strategy for studying cell heterogeneity.…”

“…By applying this computer‐based analytical method to public genomic data downloaded from the GEO data set, it was possible generate an expanded view of the immune response at cellular level, which allowed precise investigation of more cell subtypes and more specific functional phenotypes within a large patient cohort than achieved in previous studies. With further use of LASSO Cox regression models, as a statistical method for screening cell variables to establish the immunoscore model, the predictive accuracy could be improved significantly2, 20, 21, 22. The C‐index suggested that the predictive ability of the immunoscore for survival was inferior to that of TNM stage if the cohort included patients with metastatic disease (stage I–IV), but was similar to that of TNM stage in patients without distant metastasis (stage I–III).…”

“…However, the criteria for selection of candidates who are likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy remain controversial2, 24. Several studies2, 25, 26 have given rise to the hypothesis that tumour infiltration by lymphocytes defines a phenotype of chemotherapy‐sensitive disease in multiple types of cancer. Similar to the findings in these reports, the present study found that the reduction in cancer mortality mediated by adjuvant chemotherapy tended to be greater in patients in the low‐immunoscore group (more immunity‐activating lymphocyte infiltration).…”

“…Wide variation in clinical outcomes has been reported among patients with gastric cancer who had the same TNM stage and received similar treatment regimens1, 2, highlighting that TNM staging alone provides incomplete clinical information. As increasing evidence has suggested the clinical importance of immune infiltration in gastric cancer tissues3, 4, 5, 6, incorporating the survival impact of immune cells into the TNM staging system may help clinicians predict patient outcomes more reliably and precisely.…”

Prognostic significance of nomograms integrating IL‐37 expression, neutrophil level, and MMR status in patients with colorectal cancer

“…Extensive literature has suggested that the tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) are of clinical importance in cancer 16, 17, 18, 19 Increased infiltration of neutrophils has been observed in many types of human cancers 18, 19. Growing evidence shows that TANs play important roles in cancer development, progression, and resistance to therapy 17, 18. A meta‐analysis of 3946 patients from 20 studies concluded that neutrophils are typically protumor and are strongly associated with poorer prognosis in the majority of human tumors 20.…”