Immunoreactive thyrotrophin releasing factor in gastropod circumoesophageal ganglia

Grimm-Jørgensen, Yvonne; McKelvy, Jeffrey F.

doi:10.1038/254620a0

Cited by 66 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Both TRH and LHRH have an extensive distribution (42,57,58). However, although LHRH is biologically active in all vertebrates and appears to lack species specificity, the same is not the case with TRH, for although mammalian TRH activates thyroidal function in mammals and birds (59), it has no TSH-releasing activity in amphibians (60,61), lungfish (62), and teleosts (63).…”

Section: Functional Role Of Hypothalamic Lhrh In Lower Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Comparative Aspects of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Structure and Function in Vertebrate Phylogeny*

1980

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Immunoreactive LHRH was detected in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain extracts of the rat, bird (pigeon and chicken), reptile (tortoise and lizard), amphibian (frog and toad), teleost (cichid), and elasmobranch (dogfish) and in the whole brain of the cyclostome (bagfish). The concentration of hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH was more than 5-fold greater than that of the extrahypothalamic brain. Mammalian and amphibian hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH yielded displacement curves parallel to those of synthetic LHRH in assays employing four antisera which recognize different regions of the decapeptide, thus suggesting a similarity in the structure of their LHRH. Hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH from the bird, reptile, teleost, and elasmobranch differed from the mammalian and amphibian peptide in yielding displacement curves nonparallel to those of synthetic LHRH with three different antisera (1076, 743, and 744) which bind between Trp3 and Pro9 of LHRH. The differenece in structure appears to be near Leu7. With antiserum 422 which binds the NH2- and CO2H- termini of LHRH, bird, reptile, and teleost hypothalamic extracts yielded displacement curves parallel to that of synthetic LHRH. Bird, reptile, and teleost hypothalamic extracts showed displacement curves parallel to each other in all assays. In studies on the relative quantitation of LHRH, all four antisera gave similar values of immunoreactive LHRH concentration in mammalian hypothalamic extracts and in amphibian hypothalamic extracts. By contrast, assay of bird, reptile, teleost, and elasmobranch hypothalamic extracts with antiserum 422 gave much higher values than did the other antisera, suggesting that the LHRH peptide is structurally different from mammalian and amphibian LHRH in the region of Leu7 but similar at the NH2- and CO2H-termini. These conclusions are supported by studies on the biological activity of hypothalamic LHRH from the different species using dispersed ovine anterior pituitary cells in culture. The LH release responses to equivalent amounts of immunoreactive LHRH (as measured by antiserum 422 which binds a region of LHRH essential for biological activity) from the various species were similar, indicating that the biologically active region of the molecule has been conserved in evolution. Structural differences in vertebrate hypothalamic immunoreactive LHRH were confirmed by cation exchange and high pressure liquid chromatography. Our findings of differences and similarities in vertebrate LHRH support a contemporary phylogenetic scheme.

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Section: Functional Role Of Hypothalamic Lhrh In Lower Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Comparative Aspects of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Structure and Function in Vertebrate Phylogeny*

1980

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“…L-Ala-L-Phe-Pyrr-HCl (13). Z-Ala (1.0 g, 4.48 mmol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) with stirring and cooled to -40 °C.…”

Section: -(Chloroacetyl)benzoic Acid (4b) and Acid Chloride (5b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential thyroliberin affinity labels. 1. Chloroacetyl-substituted phenylalanylpyrrolidines

Goebel¹,

Currie²,

Bowers³

1981

J. Med. Chem.

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Six analogues of thyroliberin (TRH) that have a chloroacetyl substituent at the amino terminus have been prepared as potential affinity labels for the TRH receptor. These compounds are N-(chloroacetyl)-L-alanyl-L-phenylalanylpyrrolidine (ClAc-Ala-Phe-Pyrr; 14), N-[m-(chloroacetyl)benzoyl]-L-phenylalanylpyrrolidine (m-ClAcBz-Phe-Pyrr; 11a), N-[m-(chloroacetyl)benzoyl]-L-alanyl-L-phenylalanylpyrrolidine (m-ClAcBz-Ala-Phe-Pyrr; 15a), N-[p-(chloroacetyl)benzoyl]-L-phenylalanylpyrrolidine (p-ClAcBz-Phe-Pyrr; 11b), and N-[p-(chloroacetyl)benzoyl]-L-alanyl-L-phenylalanylpyrrolidine (p-ClAcBz-Ala-Phe-Pyrr; 15b). Pyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanylpyrrolidine was also synthesized as a model agonist. Weak agonist activity was observed for 11a, 11b, and 15b. These three analogues do not contain the amide group of the pyroglutamyl moiety that was previously thought to be essential for intrinsic activity. No significant antagonist activity was observed for these compounds at the doses tested.

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“…2 Subsequent studies have shown that TRH is abundant in frog skin, 3,4 the gastrointestinal system of snails 5 and reptiles, 6 and the reproductive systems of mammals. 7 -10 Cloning of the prepro-TRH mRNA from the rat 11 and mouse, 12 human, 13 and frog 14,15 has shown that the corresponding prepro-TRH proteins contain, respectively, 5, 6 and 7 repeated sequences of -Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Pro-Gly-(Lys/Arg)-Arg-from which TRH can be derived by a sequence of enzymatic cleavages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

TRH‐like antidepressant peptide, pyroglutamyltyroslyprolineamide, occurs in rat brain

et al. 2005

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We have previously reported the occurrence of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2)(Glu-TRH, EEP), Val-TRH, Tyr-TRH, Leu-TRH, Phe-TRH, and Trp-TRH in rat brain using a combination of HPLC and radioimmunoassays with antibodies that cross-react with the general structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH(2) where 'X' maybe any amino acid residue (Peptides 2004; 25 : 647). This new family of TRH-like peptides, along with TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2)), has neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, euphoric, anti-amnesic, and analeptic effects. We now report that a combination of affinity chromatography using a rabbit antibody specific for Tyr-TRH and Phe-TRH, along with HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, provide conclusive evidence for the presence of Tyr-TRH in rat brain. Furthermore, synthetic Tyr-TRH is active in the Porsolt Swim Test suggesting that it is a fourth member of this family of in vivo neuroregulatory agents that have psychopharmacotherapeutic properties.

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Immunoreactive thyrotrophin releasing factor in gastropod circumoesophageal ganglia

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative Aspects of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Structure and Function in Vertebrate Phylogeny*

Comparative Aspects of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Structure and Function in Vertebrate Phylogeny*

Potential thyroliberin affinity labels. 1. Chloroacetyl-substituted phenylalanylpyrrolidines

TRH‐like antidepressant peptide, pyroglutamyltyroslyprolineamide, occurs in rat brain

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