Immunopotentiator thymosin alpha-1 attenuates inflammatory pain by modulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in spinal cord

Huang, Jiahua; Jiang, Huaqing; Pan, Meijun; Jiang, Yanjun; Xie, Lijin

doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001370

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Thymus epithelial cells and their secreted thymosin and thymosin are the main components of the thymic microenvironment, which allow thymocytes to migrate and interact with each other, helping thymocytes to develop and mature, and both of them can promote the differentiation of thymocytes [13] .However, cytokines secreted by thymus epithelial cells and hormone-mediated signal transduction showed a decreasing trend during aging.The experimental results showed that thymosin α and thymosin were increased in the thymus of aging macaques after the infusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which proved that BMSCs can improve the secretion function of thymus [14] and enhance the immune function [15,16] , and play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the microenvironment of thymus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BMMSCs Derived From Juvenile Macaques Have the Ability to Promote Thymus Regeneration in Aged Macaques

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe thymus gland is an important central immune organ in the human body and plays an indispensable role in the immune system. Aging thymic atrophy is critical factors leading to immune function decline and senile debilitation in aged people. Immune function decline is one of the important mechanisms of aging. Some research reports indicated that Stem cell therapy have the ability to promote tissue regeneration，but reverse thymus atrophy or promote atrophy thymus regenerate by stem cells need to be confirmed further. MethodsThe elderly macaque models were systematic screened and the thymus structure and function were evaluated by imaging and histopathology methods. The juvenile BMMSCs were injected into macaque models body by intravenous infusion. The effects of thymus tissue structure and expression of related factors were investigated by using imaging, histopathology,cell and molecule observation and measurement techniques. To explore the mechanism of juvenile BMMSC on thymus atrophy in aging rhesus macaques, the gene transcription profile of thymus tissue were sequencing and analyzed by bioinformatic methods. .ResultsThrough PET-CT observation, the thymus tissue density gradually increased after treatment, CT value gradually increased, SUVmax >1;The percentage of CD3+T cells in peripheral blood increased first and then decreased, CD3+CD4+T cells increased slowly, and CD3+CD8+T cells increased first, then decreased and then increased. By detecting Tregs in peripheral blood, the percentage of Tregs in peripheral blood showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing after treatment (P< 0.05).The levels of thymosin α and thymosin II in peripheral blood were analyzed by ELISA method. It was found that thymosin α was firstly increased and then decreased after BMSC infusion, and the levels of thymosin Ⅱ were firstly increased and then decreased.The area of thymus parenchyma increased, and the boundary between skin and medulla appeared. Some thymus tissues were regenerated and changed to normal structure.The cortical and medullary junction structure and dense thymus structure gradually appeared in the elderly treatment group.The degree of thymus tissue fibrosis was reduced, and the deposition of collagen fiber was reduced. Apoptosis cells decreased significantly in the elderly treatment group compared with the elderly group. BMMSCs inhibited the expression of genes related to aging and apoptosis.ConclusionTransplantation BMMSC derived from juvenile macaques can poromote thymus regeneration, reverse thymus atrophy by regulating gene transcription profiles in aged macaques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BMMSCs Derived From Juvenile Macaques Have the Ability to Promote Thymus Regeneration in Aged Macaques

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…However, without any doubt, Tα1 is an important immune modulator [105,106], which also exerts actions in the CNS, which seem to be partially due to immunological influences on neuroplasticity [107,108].…”

Section: Thymosinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymus-Pineal Gland Axis: Revisiting Its Role in Human Life and Ageing

Rezzani

Franco

Hardeland

et al. 2020

IJMS

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For years the thymus gland (TG) and the pineal gland (PG) have been subject of increasingly in-depth studies, but only recently a link that can associate the activities of the two organs has been identified. Considering, on the one hand, the well-known immune activity of thymus and, on the other, the increasingly emerging immunological roles of circadian oscillators and the rhythmically secreted main pineal product, melatonin, many studies aimed to analyse the possible existence of an interaction between these two systems. Moreover, data confirmed that the immune system is functionally associated with the nervous and endocrine systems determining an integrated dynamic network. In addition, recent researches showed a similar, characteristic involution process both in TG and PG. Since the second half of the 20th century, evidence led to the definition of an effectively interacting thymus-pineal axis (TG-PG axis), but much has to be done. In this sense, the aim of this review is to summarize what is actually known about this topic, focusing on the impact of the TG-PG axis on human life and ageing. We would like to give more emphasis to the implications of this dynamical interaction in a possible therapeutic strategy for human health. Moreover, we focused on all the products of TG and PG in order to collect what is known about the role of peptides other than melatonin. The results available today are often unclear and not linear. These peptides have not been well studied and defined over the years. In this review we hope to awake the interest of the scientific community in them and in their future pharmacological applications.

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