Immunophysiology of epithelial cells and pattern-recognition receptors

Лебедев, К. А.; Ponyakina, I. D.

doi:10.1134/s0362119706020198

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…PAMPs are detected by PRRs, which include TLRs, RLRs, and NLRs [37]. These receptors are present on innate immune cells [38] and nonimmune cells, including epithelial and endothelial cells [39,40]. Expression of PRRs on innate immune cells has been shown to vary with both advanced age and after alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Innate Detection Of Pathogens With Advanced Age or After Alcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity

Boule

Kovacs

2017

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The global population is aging: in 2010, 8% of the population was older than 65 y, and that is expected to double to 16% by 2050. With advanced age comes a heightened prevalence of chronic diseases. Moreover, elderly humans fair worse after acute diseases, namely infection, leading to higher rates of infection-mediated mortality. Advanced age alters many aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to impaired responses to primary infection and poor development of immunologic memory. An often overlooked, yet increasingly common, behavior in older individuals is alcohol consumption. In fact, it has been estimated that >40% of older adults consume alcohol, and evidence reveals that >10% of this group is drinking more than the recommended limit by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol consumption, at any level, alters host immune responses, including changes in the number, phenotype, and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, understanding the effect of alcohol ingestion on the immune system of older individuals, who are already less capable of combating infection, merits further study. However, there is currently almost nothing known about how drinking alters innate immunity in older subjects, despite innate immune cells being critical for host defense, resolution of inflammation, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we review the effects of aging and alcohol consumption on innate immune cells independently and highlight the few studies that have examined the effects of alcohol ingestion in aged individuals.

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Section: Innate Detection Of Pathogens With Advanced Age or After Alcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity

Boule

Kovacs

2017

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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“…Like other innate immune cells, epithelial cells distinguish pathogens by using an array of PRRs such as TLRs, RLRs, and NLRs ( 44 , 45 ). Thus, the modulation of key signaling mediators of the innate immunity was evaluated in ALI-PREC cultures inoculated with PHEV 67N over the course of 48 h. Regardless, the same innate immune mediators were also evaluated in tracheal tissue sections collected at necropsy (5 dpi) from 10-day-old CDCD pigs inoculated with the same strain and dose used for ALI-PRECs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Betacoronavirus PHEV Replicates and Disrupts the Respiratory Epithelia and Upregulates Key Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes and Downstream Mediators, Including IL-8 and IFN-λ

Nelli

Mora-Díaz

Giménez-Lirola

2021

mSphere

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The neurotropic betacoronavirus porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) primarily infects and replicates in the swine upper respiratory tract, causing vomiting and wasting disease and/or encephalomyelitis in suckling pigs. This study investigated the modulation of key early innate immune genes at the respiratory epithelia in vivo, on tracheal tissue sections from experimentally infected pigs, and in vitro , on air-liquid interface porcine respiratory cell cultures.

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“…IECs produce a variety of functional molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and anti-microbial peptides, that act as key regulators of intestinal immune responses. IECs express multiple types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs) [ 13 , 14 ]. Like other innate immune cells, PRRs on IECs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).…”

Section: Intestinal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Gastrointestinal Immunity by Metabolites

Kim

Yun

2021

Nutrients

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The gastrointestinal tract contains multiple types of immune cells that maintain the balance between tolerance and activation at the first line of host defense facing non-self antigens, including dietary antigens, commensal bacteria, and sometimes unexpected pathogens. The maintenance of homeostasis at the gastrointestinal tract requires stringent regulation of immune responses against various environmental conditions. Dietary components can be converted into gut metabolites with unique functional activities through host as well as microbial enzymatic activities. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that gastrointestinal metabolites have significant impacts on the regulation of intestinal immunity and are further integrated into the immune response of distal mucosal tissue. Metabolites, especially those derived from the microbiota, regulate immune cell functions in various ways, including the recognition and activation of cell surface receptors, the control of gene expression by epigenetic regulation, and the integration of cellular metabolism. These mucosal immune regulations are key to understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of the role of gut metabolites in the regulation of gastrointestinal immunity, highlighting the cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms by macronutrient-derived metabolites.

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Immunophysiology of epithelial cells and pattern-recognition receptors

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity

Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity

The Betacoronavirus PHEV Replicates and Disrupts the Respiratory Epithelia and Upregulates Key Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes and Downstream Mediators, Including IL-8 and IFN-λ

Regulation of Gastrointestinal Immunity by Metabolites

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