Immunopathological aspects of coronavirus infections

Wege, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00196162

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Some murine coronaviruses are neurotropic, neuroinvasive, and neurovirulent in rodents (27,58) and in nonhuman primates (11,38), inducing in some cases an MS-like demyelinating disease. Our goal is to investigate the possible neurotropism, neuroinvasion, and neurovirulence of the related HCoV, which have so far only been definitively associated with respiratory infections, with occasional reports of associations with diarrhea and neurologic diseases, mainly MS (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its outcome is influenced by genetics of the host and virus, dose and route of inoculation, and host age and immunological status at the time of infection (58). Neurotropic MHV strains could invade the CNS following an intranasal inoculation in mice (34) and could also gain access to the CNS via the hematogenous and/or lymphatic systems in mice (7) and in primates (11).…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosis (Ms) Is a Central Nervous System (Cns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroinvasion by Human Respiratory Coronaviruses

Arbour

Day

Newcombe

et al. 2000

J Virol

469

482

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by patches of demyelination and infiltration of inflammatory cells (21). The etiology of this disabling diseasehas not yet been determined, but both genetic factors, such as genes encoding human leukocyte antigens, T-cell receptors, and myelin basic protein (MBP) (18,19,26), and environmental factors such as viruses have been implicated (31). At least four human demyelinating diseases have a known viral etiology: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis as a late complication of measles virus infection of childhood (35), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by the JC papovavirus (57), encephalopathy and myelopathy (neuro-AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (43), and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (28). Over the last decades, several viruses have been associated with MS, based on detection of virions, viral nucleic acids, or viral proteins in CNS or the presence of antiviral antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. A confirmed association with MS is awaited but may involve more than one virus.Several studies have associated human coronaviruses (HCoV) with MS. Coronavirus-like particles were detected in autopsied brain tissue from an MS patient (56). Two coronaviruses that are molecularly related to murine neurotropic coronaviruses were isolated from brain material obtained at autopsy from two MS patients (9). Intrathecal anti-HCoV antibody synthesis indicative of a CNS infection was reported in MS patients (45). HCoV RNA was detected in MS patient brains (37, 51) and in cerebrospinal fluid of MS and other neurological disease (OND) patients (15). Coronavirus antigens were also detected in MS patient brains (37). Moreover, we have shown that HCoV can infect human astrocytes and microglia in primary cultures (8) and can acutely and persistently infect immortalized human glial cells (4, 5). Thus, accumulating evidence suggests that these viruses, first isolated as pathogens of the respiratory tract and now associated with up to one-third of human common colds (39), might be neurotropic, neuroinvasive, and neurovirulent in humans, as is the case for their murine counterpart, the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Interestingly, upper respiratory infections of viral origin were shown to be an important trigger of MS attacks (2,40,48). Moreover, coronavirus seasonal patterns fit the observed occurrence of MS exacerbations (48).MHV-induced demyelinating disease involving coronaviruses is used as an animal model for elucidating the complex pathogenesis of MS. As for MS, MHV pathogenesis is multifactorial (27). Its outcome is influenced by genetics of the host and virus, dose and route of inoculation, and host age and immunological status at the time of infection (58). Neurotropic MHV strains could invade the CNS following an intranasal inoculation in mice (34) and could also gain access to the CNS via the hematogenous and/or lymphatic systems in mice (7) and i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Sclerosis (Ms) Is a Central Nervous System (Cns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinvasion by Human Respiratory Coronaviruses

Arbour

Day

Newcombe

et al. 2000

J Virol

469

482

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“…Many laboratories have used infection of rodents with murine coronavirus as an experimental model system for studying inflammatory demyelination and persistence in the central nervous system (CNS) (Kyuwa & Stohlman, 1990 ;Wege, 1995). Our interest in the pathogenicity of the neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) JHM has centred on its ability to cause a subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (SDE) characterized by inflammation and selective loss of myelin in Lewis rats (Watanabe et al, 1983 ;Wege et al, 1984 b ;Zimprich et al, 1991 ;Barac-Latas et al, 1997).…”

Section: Jhm-pi Using Rt-pcr Amplification Methods the S Gene Sequenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with a highly virulent MHV-JHM wild-type strain usually causes encephalomyelitis, independent of the age of the rat at time of infection (Watanabe et al, 1983 ;Zimprich et al, 1991 ;Wege, 1995 ;Barac-Latas et al, 1997). The variant MHV-JHM-Pi (Baybutt et al, 1984) replicates in the brain of adult Lewis rats without causing disease (Table 2).…”

Section: Neurovirulence Of Mhv-jhm-pimentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for quasispecies populations during persistence of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus JHM: sequence conservation within the surface glycoprotein gene S in Lewis rats.

Stühler¹,

Flory²,

Lassmann³

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

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The surface glycoprotein S (spike) of coronaviruses is believed to be an important determinant of virulence and displays extensive genetic polymorphism in cell culture isolates. This led us to consider whether the observed heterogeneity is reflected by a quasispecies distribution of mutated RNA molecules within the infected organ. Coronavirus infection of rodents is a useful model system for investigating the pathogenesis of virus-induced central nervous system (CNS) disease. Here, we investigated whether genetic changes in the S gene occurred during virus persistence in vivo. We analysed the variability of S gene sequences directly from the brain tissue of Lewis rats infected with the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) variant

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“…Human coronaviruses are a worldwide cause of the common cold, but are usually not associated with more serious disease in humans [17]. The mouse hepatitis virus, a murine coronavirus, causes a MS-like demyelinating disease in the central nervous system of rodents, and this animal model has been used as a model for MS [9,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronaviruses in brain tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis

2001

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Brain tissue from 25 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and as controls brain tissue from 36 patients without neurological disease was tested for the presence of human coronaviral RNA. Four PCR assays with primers specific for N-protein of human coronavirus strain 229E and three PCR assays with primers specific for the nucleocapsid protein of human coronavirus strain OC43 were performed. Sporadic positive PCR assays were observed in both patients and controls in some of the PCR assays. However, these results were not reproducible and there was no difference in the proportion of positive signals from the MS patients compared to controls. Evidence for a chronic infection with the human coronaviruses strain 229E or OC43 in brain tissue from patients with MS or controls has not been found in this study.

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Immunopathological aspects of coronavirus infections

Cited by 23 publications

References 93 publications

Neuroinvasion by Human Respiratory Coronaviruses

Neuroinvasion by Human Respiratory Coronaviruses

No evidence for quasispecies populations during persistence of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus JHM: sequence conservation within the surface glycoprotein gene S in Lewis rats.

Coronaviruses in brain tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis

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