Immunomodulatory properties of the milk whey products obtained by enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis

Huang, Shang-Min; Chen, Kun-Nan; Chen, Yen‐Po; Hong, Wei-Sheng; Chen, Ming‐Ju

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02239.x

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Huang et al . () reported that milk whey hydrolysed by alcalase shows significantly higher level ( P < 0.05) than that hydrolysed by neutrase and pepsin in production of TNF‐α and IL‐12. Shark protein hydrolysate (prepared by trypsin–chymotrypsin) stimulated higher level of IL‐6 than that produced by unhydrolysed fish proteins, but lower than that produced by LPS (Mallet et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some researchers reported that the immunomodulatory peptides could replace immunomodulatory pharmaceutical for preventing and controlling the chronic diseases (Hou et al ., ). The reported immunomodulatory peptides from food proteins include whey (Huang et al ., ; Rodríguez‐Carrio et al ., ), egg white (Lozano‐Ojalvo et al ., ), hazelnut (Ren et al ., ), casein (O'Sullivan et al ., ) and fish (Hou et al ., ). When compared to the peptides mentioned above, wheat germ is less expensive and is an attractive potential resource to make immunomodulatory peptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic preparation of immunomodulatory hydrolysates from defatted wheat germ (Triticum Vulgare) globulin

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2016

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary Defatted wheat germ globulin (DWGG) was hydrolysed using the enzymes alcalase, neutrase, papain, pepsin or trypsin to improve the immunomodulatory effects of the protein. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), molecular weight distribution, hydrophobicity, secondary structures and immunomodulatory activities were determined. The DH of hydrolysate using alcalase or neutrase was higher (P < 0.05) than that of hydrolysate prepared by other proteases. Alcalase hydrolysate (AH) had the strongest (P < 0.05) immunomodulatory activity with respect to lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis of neutral red and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The molecular weight of AH ranged between 300 and 1450 Da and was composed of α‐helix and β‐turns. AH also showed the highest hydrophobic value (P < 0.05). The DH and hydrophobicity appear to be related to immunomodulatory activities. The hydrolysate prepared by the alcalase treatment on DWGG may be used as an immune supplement by the food industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic preparation of immunomodulatory hydrolysates from defatted wheat germ (Triticum Vulgare) globulin

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2016

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…21,50) It was reported that WPC itself induces TNF-α production in RAW cells and murine splenocytes. 51) These results suggest that the Maillard reaction may contribute to induction of the above cytokines produced by macrophages against pathogenic bacteria in the gut mucosa.…”

Section: Effects Of G-wpc On No Production and Pro-inflammatory Cytokmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glycated Whey Protein Concentrate on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Phagocytic Activity in RAW264.7 Macrophages

Chun

Lee

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The aim of this study was to determine the stimulatory effects of Maillard reaction, a non-enzymatic browning reaction on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytic activity induced by whey protein concentrate (WPC). Glycated WPC (G-WPC) was prepared by a reaction between WPC and the lactose it contained. The fluorescence intensity of G-WPC dramatically increased after one day, and high molecular weight complexes formed via the Maillard reaction were also observed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles. G-WPC demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, including stimulation of increased nitric oxide production and cytokine expressions (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), compared to WPC. Furthermore, the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased upon treatment with G-WPC, compared to WPC. Therefore, we suggest that G-WPC can be utilized as an improved dietary source for providing immune modulating activity.

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“…stomach conditions (29,30)), and the resulting released peptides were analyzed for function. Through this approach, dozens of protein fragments, mostly from bovine milk, but also from human milk, have been shown to have different functions (31), including antimicrobial (32,33), antihypertensive (34,35), immunomodulatory (36,37), and opioid-like (38) actions. However, such in vitro digestion approaches fail to reveal the peptide content present endogenously in milk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Peptidomics: Factors That Dictate Specificity in the Formation of Endogenous Peptides in Human Milk

Guerrero

Dallas

Contreras

et al. 2014

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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An extensive mass spectrometry analysis of the human milk peptidome has revealed almost 700 endogenous peptides from 30 different proteins. Two in-house computational tools were created and used to visualize and interpret the data through both alignment of the peptide quasi-molecular ion intensities and estimation of the differential enzyme participation. These results reveal that the endogenous proteolytic activity in the mammary gland is remarkably specific and well conserved. Certain proteins-not necessarily the most abundant ones-are digested by the proteases present in milk, yielding endogenous peptides from selected regions. Our results strongly suggest that factors such as the presence of specific proteases, the position and concentration of cleavage sites, and, more important, the intrinsic disorder of segments of the protein drive this proteolytic specificity in the mammary gland. As a consequence of this selective hydrolysis, proteins that typically need to be cleaved at specific positions in order to exert their activity are properly digested, and bioactive peptides encoded in certain protein sequences are released. Proteins that must remain intact in order to maintain their activity in the mammary gland or in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract are unaffected by the hydrolytic environment present in milk. These results provide insight into the intrinsic structural mechanisms that facilitate the selectivity of the endogenous milk protease activity and might be useful to those studying the peptidomes of other biofluids. Molecular &

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Immunomodulatory properties of the milk whey products obtained by enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Enzymatic preparation of immunomodulatory hydrolysates from defatted wheat germ (Triticum Vulgare) globulin

Enzymatic preparation of immunomodulatory hydrolysates from defatted wheat germ (Triticum Vulgare) globulin

Effects of Glycated Whey Protein Concentrate on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Phagocytic Activity in RAW264.7 Macrophages

Mechanistic Peptidomics: Factors That Dictate Specificity in the Formation of Endogenous Peptides in Human Milk

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