Immunomodulatory nano-preparations for rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease (AD) caused by the aberrant attack of the immune system on its own joint tissues. Genetic and environmental factors are the main reasons of immune system impairment and high incidence of RA. Although there are medications on the market that lessen disease activity, there is no known cure for RA, and patients are at risk in varying degrees of systemic immunosuppression. By transporting (encapsulating or surface binding) RA-related self-antigens, nucleic acids, immunomodulators, or cytokines, tolerogenic nanoparticles—also known as immunomodulatory nano-preparations—have the potential to gently regulate local immune responses and ultimately induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. We review the recent advances in immunomodulatory nano-preparations for delivering self-antigen or self-antigen plus immunomodulator, simulating apoptotic cell avatars in vivo , acting as artificial antigen-presenting cells, and based on scaffolds and gels, to provide a reference for developing new immunotherapies for RA.

Combined ROS Sensitive Folate Receptor Targeted Micellar Formulations of Curcumin Effective Against Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rat Model

“…A surge has recently been witnessed in nanomedicine development for combating RA, and this development is aimed at bypassing the defects of current treatments. [37][38][39] Polymeric micelles have become a highly promising biocompatible drug delivery platform. They have exhibited improved pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical animal models and augmented the efficacy and superior safety of therapeutic drugs.…”

Advances in dendritic cell targeting nano-delivery systems for induction of immune tolerance

“…have the advantages of reducing the difficulty of administration, improving patient compliance, and reducing the burden on patients. Through the oral route nanoparticles can reach gut-associated lymphoid tissues and encounter DCs in these tissues to induce immune tolerance ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2023 ). It should also be noted that after oral administration of nanoparticles, the amount of drug entering the circulation tend to be reduced due to first pass elimination, and the high acid environment in the stomach may result in the degradation of nanoparticles ( Abeer et al, 2020 ; Horvath and Basler, 2023 ).…”

“…Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org (Chen et al, 2018;Li et al, 2023). It should also be noted that after oral administration of nanoparticles, the amount of drug entering the circulation tend to be reduced due to first pass elimination, and the high acid environment in the stomach may result in the degradation of nanoparticles (Abeer et al, 2020;Horvath and Basler, 2023).…”

Regulation of Antigen‐Specific Immunotherapy with Nanomaterials

“…RA seriously affects the patients' quality of life and life expectancy. [40] RA may cause a series of systemic health problems, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, psychological, skin, and bone diseases. [41] The resultant abnormal synovial tissue expansion is accompanied by neovascularization, intimal hyperplasia, increased inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies such as anticitrullinated protein antibodies, and rheumatoid factor (RF).…”