Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

Mele, Chiara; Caputo, Marina; Bisceglia, Alessandro; Samà, Maria Teresa; Zavattaro, Marco; Aimaretti, Gianluca; Pagano, Loredana; Prodam, Flavia; Marzullo, Paolo

doi:10.3390/nu12051444

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…AITD has a multifactorial etiology, influenced by genetic factors (e.g., polymorphisms of TSH-R, Tg, human leukocyte antigens, and other genes associated with the immune response) [24], environmental factors (e.g., radiation, iodine, smoking habits, infections, selenium, drugs, stress, and dietary habits) [21,24,25], and endogenous factors (e.g., body mass index, adipokines, estrogens, selective X chromosome inactivation, microquimerism, glucocorticoids [21], and potentially the gastrointestinal microbiome) [26][27][28]. Given the immunomodulatory role of VitD, its relationship with AITD has been extensively studied in recent years [29].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease—Cause, Consequence, or a Vicious Cycle?

Vieira¹,

Rodrigues

Paiva³

2020

Nutrients

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Vitamin D is a steroid hormone traditionally connected to phosphocalcium metabolism. The discovery of pleiotropic expression of its receptor and of the enzymes involved in its metabolism has led to the exploration of the other roles of this vitamin. The influence of vitamin D on autoimmune disease—namely, on autoimmune thyroid disease—has been widely studied. Most of the existing data support a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and a greater tendency for development and/or higher titers of antibodies linked to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, and/or postpartum thyroiditis. However, there have also been some reports contradicting such relationships, thus making it difficult to establish a unanimous conclusion. Even if the existence of an association between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease is assumed, it is still unclear whether it reflects a pathological mechanism, a causal relationship, or a consequence of the autoimmune process. The relationship between vitamin D’s polymorphisms and this group of diseases has also been the subject of study, often with divergent results. This text presents a review of the recent literature on the relationship between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease, providing an analysis of the likely involved mechanisms. Our thesis is that, due to its immunoregulatory role, vitamin D plays a minor role in conjunction with myriad other factors. In some cases, a vicious cycle is generated, thus contributing to the deficiency and aggravating the autoimmune process.

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Section: Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease—Cause, Consequence, or a Vicious Cycle?

Vieira¹,

Rodrigues

Paiva³

2020

Nutrients

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“…що дозволили суттєво змінити погляд на фізіологічну роль цього вітаміну [5][6][7]. Відкриття рецепторів до гормонально-активних форм вітаміну D і їх синтезу в нетрадиційних для цього вітаміну клітинах різних органів і тканин передбачає більш широкий спектр його фізіологічного ефекту [8].…”

Section: дефіцит вітаміну D та автоімунні захворювання щитоподібної зunclassified

Дефицит Витамина D И Аутоиммунные Заболевания Щитовидной Железы: Взаимосвязь И Пути Коррекции (Обзор Литературы И Клинические Случаи)

Pankiv¹

2021

Mìžnarodnij endokrinologìčnij žurnal

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Огляд літератури/Literature Review/ Останніми роками спостерігається лавиноподібне зростання кількості публікацій у медичній науковій літературі, присвячених потенційному значенню порушень обміну вітаміну D у різноманітній патології й оцінці ефектів лікування препаратами вітаміну D. З моменту відкриття вітаміну у 20-х роках XX ст. доведена його роль у підтриманні гомеостазу кальцію і фосфору й ремоделюванні кісткової тканини. У да-ний час вітамін D належить до групи секостероїдних прогормонів. Двома основними формами вітаміну D є вітамін D 2 (ергокальциферол) і вітамін D 3 (холекальциферол) [1-3]. Дефіцит вітаміну D є загальною і достатньо поширеною проблемою, що має виражені клінічні наслідки [4]. Традиційна характеристика вітаміну D як гормону -регулятора мінерального обміну останнім часом доповнилась новими даними,

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“…Lately, studies have suggested that low vitamin D concentrations and other conditions which may result in reduced vitamin D function (e.g., certain Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, pathologies of vitamin D gene and its binding protein) may increase the risk of AITDs [43,44]. Vitamin D is known to regulate the adaptive immunity and its deficiency has been linked to the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus [45][46][47].…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disorders in Autoimmune Rheumatological Diseases: A Focus on Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases and on the Effects of Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment

et al. 2021

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Autoimmune rheumatological diseases’ incidence and prevalence have risen over the last decades and they are becoming increasingly important worldwide. Thyroid autoimmune diseases share with them an imbalance in the immune system that lead to a pro-inflammatory environment. Usually this is the result of a multi-factorial process. In fact, it includes not only a possible genetic predisposition, but also environmental causes like microbiota dysbiosis, diet rich in processed foods, exposure to toxicants and infections. However, many aspects are currently under study. This paper aims to examine the factors that participate in the developing of rheumatological and thyroid autoimmune diseases. Moreover, as glucocorticoids still represent a leading treatment for systemic autoimmune rheumatological diseases, our secondary aim is to summarize the main effects of glucocorticoids treatment focusing on iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome and glucocorticoids’ withdrawal syndrome.

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

Cited by 48 publications

References 169 publications

Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease—Cause, Consequence, or a Vicious Cycle?

Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease—Cause, Consequence, or a Vicious Cycle?

Дефицит Витамина D И Аутоиммунные Заболевания Щитовидной Железы: Взаимосвязь И Пути Коррекции (Обзор Литературы И Клинические Случаи)

Endocrine Disorders in Autoimmune Rheumatological Diseases: A Focus on Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases and on the Effects of Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment

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