Immunomodulatory capacity of the local mesenchymal stem cells transplantation after severe skeletal muscle injury in female rats

Abstract

MSCs can modify the local immunological responses and improve muscle regeneration by suppressing of inflammatory cytokines, activating of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, restoration of muscle fibers and angiogenesis. By means of increase in TGF-β production in response to muscle injury prevent the repair of injured fibers and increase connective tissue production (collagen fibers), thus propagating skeletal muscle weakness and fibrosis whereas MSCs + PBS injected at the site of muscle injury significantly down-regulate (TGF-β1) and hence the level of collagen (fibrosis or scar areas). MSCs are able to block the fibrotic signaling cascade by declining TGF-β1 and scar areas in the injured muscle.

A Simple Method to Isolate and Expand Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Using Explant Method and Umbilical Cord Blood Serum

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with main potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes ( 1 , 2 ), and possible differentiation potential into hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, skeletal myocytes and neurons ( 3 ). Recently, MSCs have been increasingly used in regenerative medicine because of their ability to treat tissue injury ( 4 , 5 ), and their immunomodulatory properties ( 6 – 8 ); therefore, they have been part of clinical practice for more than 10 years ( 9 ) and were successfully isolated from a number of tissues including: bone marrow ( 10 ), adipose tissue ( 11 , 12 ), umbilical cord blood ( 13 ), placenta ( 14 ), amniotic fluid ( 15 , 16 ) in addition to umbilical cords ( 1 ). Umbilical cord tissue is one of the major sources of MSCs since isolation of umbilical cord MSCs (UCMSCs) is easier, does not require an invasive procedure and has a higher proliferation potential compared with other sources ( 2 ).…”

Transplanted human multipotent stromal cells reduce acute tongue fibrosis in rats

“…These data argue against a mechanism of fibroblast apoptosis producing reduced fibrosis in this acute tongue injury model. Further study focusing on MSC‐derived cytokines is merited and planned …”

“…Low concentration group (MSC‐L) received 70,000 cells per injectate and the high concentration group (MSC‐H) received 250,000 cells per injectate. Cell number range was chosen based on prior studies of MSC for skeletal muscle repair in rat models which administered cells in the range of 10 4 to 10 6 cells/kg . Control group received 300 microliters of culture medium alone.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Muscle Function Following Single Stretch Injury: A Preliminary Study

“…Complete healing following muscle injury has been the focus of many recent investigations, including approaches to alter the inflammatory cascade [21,22] and introduction of stem cell therapy [12,23,24]. This study provides a novel method of inducing injury that is mechanistically relevant to the eccentric or strain injuries seen clinically [19].…”

“…Conversely, angiogenesis begins at three days and peaks five days post-injury [29], such that introduction of MDSCs at this time promotes angiogenesis through high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression [12]. Intramuscular injection of MSCs seven days following skeletal muscle injury in rats led to a downregulation of TGF-β1 and fibrosis [23]. While injection of MDSCs at four and seven days post-injury minimized fibrosis, muscle strength was improved only with injection at the earlier time point [12].…”