Immunomodulatory and Inhibitory Effect of Immulina®, and Immunloges® in the Ig-E Mediated Activation of RBL-2H3 Cells. A New Role in Allergic Inflammatory Responses

Abstract

Immulina®, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide extract from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) is a potent activator of innate immune cells. On the other hand, it is well documented that Spirulina exerts anti-inflammatory effects and showed promising effects with respect to the relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Taking into account these findings, we decided to elucidate whether Immulina®, and immunLoges® (a commercial available multicomponent nutraceutical with Immulina® as a main ingredient) beyond immune-enhancing effects, might also exert inhibitory effects in the induced allergic inflammatory response and on histamine release from RBL-2H3 mast cells. Our findings show that Immulina® and immunLoges® inhibited the IgE-antigen complex-induced production of TNF-α, IL-4, leukotrienes and histamine. The compound 48/80 stimulated histamine release in RBL-2H3 cells was also inhibited. Taken together, our results showed that Immulina® and immunLoges® exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and inhibited the release of histamine from mast cells.

Clinical comparison of the efficacy of spirulina platensis and cetirizine for treatment of allergic rhinitis

“…They concluded that spirulina platensis is very effective in the treatment of AR through the regulation of IL-4 and IFN-γ expression, as well as the adjustment of the imbalance in the Th1/Th2 cytokine network. These findings were also confirmed by a recent study that showed immulina exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells 12 .The present study on the effect of spirulina on AR patients confirmed this effect on human beings.…”

Anti-allergic Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oil From Fruits of Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai

“…Allergic diseases are inflammatory disorders which have become a worldwide clinical health problem. With the allergy patients increasing annually due to various factors, approximately 10 ∼ 20% of the world population is affected by allergies (Ring et al, 2014; Do et al, 2017; Appel et al, 2018). Most allergy patients are genetically predisposed to produce IgE antibody.…”

“…Mast cells express a high-affinity IgE receptor on membranes, which is important to the pro-inflammatory allergic response. When an IgE-antigen binds with FcεRI (high-affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin E), the receptor is activated, and occurs complex biological reactions causing allergic reactions, including inflammatory disorder (Bochner and Schleimer, 2001; Yang et al, 2016; Appel et al, 2018). Also, a combined treatment with PMA/A23187 has been used widely for mast cell activation, because they are known to induce the generation of inflammatory cytokines (Hong et al, 2010; Vo et al, 2011).…”

Metabolomics analysis of baicalin on ovalbumin-sensitized allergic rhinitis rats

“…The study focused on IgE, histamine and inflammatory cytokines, and the results suggested that baicalin may be a useful drug in the treatment of AR, which was the same as our results. Additionally, the index IL-8 was replaced with IL-4 in this study, and a randomized double-blind trial with AR showed that IL-4 is important in regulating IgE-mediated allergy [28,29]. IL-4 could also significantly amplify itching symptoms such as histamine [30]; therefore, IL-4 is more closely associated with AR.…”