Clinical comparison of the efficacy of spirulina platensis and cetirizine for treatment of allergic rhinitis

Nourollahian, Morteza; Rasoulian, Bashir; Gafari, Attaallah; Anoushiravani, Majid; Jabari, Farahzad; Bakhshaee, Mehdi

doi:10.14639/0392-100x-n0139

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this sense, a large number of studies have documented the versatile anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Sp extract and its derived C-PC/PCB, supporting its potential use for curtailing the hypoxia-related stress and the cytokine storm progression. Sp extract has strong anti-allergic effects in individuals diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, modulating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 214 ]. C-PC, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor [ 215 ], limits nitric oxide production, iNOS expression, TNF-α formation and NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, thus limiting some key aspects of deregulated inflammation [ 216 ].…”

Section: C-pc/pcb For the Complementary Management Of Covid-19-induce...mentioning

confidence: 99%

C-Phycocyanin-derived Phycocyanobilin as a Potential Nutraceutical Approach for Major Neurodegenerative Disorders and COVID-19- induced Damage to the Nervous System

Pentón‐Rol

Marín‐Prida

McCarty³

2021

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: The edible cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis and its chief biliprotein C-Phycocyanin have shown protective activity in animal models of diverse human health diseases, often reflecting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The beneficial effects of C-Phycocyanin seem likely to be primarily attributable to its covalently attached chromophore Phycocyanobilin (PCB). Within cells, biliverdin is generated from free heme and it is subsequently reduced to bilirubin. Although bilirubin can function as an oxidant scavenger, its potent antioxidant activity reflects its ability to inactivate some isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Free bilirubin can also function as an agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); this may explain its ability to promote protective Treg activity in cellular and rodent models of inflammatory disease. AhR agonists also promote transcription of the gene coding for Nrf-2, and hence can up-regulate phase 2 induction of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1. Hence, it is proposed that C-Phycocyanin/PCB chiefly exert their protective effects via inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity, as well as by AhR agonism that both induces Treg activity and up-regulates phase 2 induction. This simple model may explain their potent antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, PCB might mimic biliverdin in activating anti-inflammatory signaling mediated by biliverdin reductase. This essay reviews recent research in which C-Phycocyanin and/or PCB, administered orally, parenterally, or intranasally, have achieved marked protective effects in rodent and cell culture models of Ischemic Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis, and suggests that these agents may likewise be protective for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and in COVID-19 and its neurological complications.

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Section: C-pc/pcb For the Complementary Management Of Covid-19-induce...mentioning

confidence: 99%

C-Phycocyanin-derived Phycocyanobilin as a Potential Nutraceutical Approach for Major Neurodegenerative Disorders and COVID-19- induced Damage to the Nervous System

Pentón‐Rol

Marín‐Prida

McCarty³

2021

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“…[94][95][96][97] Small clinical trials with modest oral doses of spirulina have found it to confer symptomatic benefits in allergic rhinitis, and oral spirulina has also been shown to decrease interleukin-4 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated ex vivo. [98][99][100] The latter suggests that, independent of its impact on mast cells, spirulina might lessen the propensity to generate IgE.…”

Section: Discussion On Nutraceutical Strategies For Mast Cell Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceutical Aid for Allergies – Strategies for Down-Regulating Mast Cell Degranulation

McCarty¹,

Lerner²,

DiNicolantonio

et al. 2021

JAA

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Interactions of antigens with the mast cell FcεRI-IgE receptor complex induce degranulation and boost synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines. Activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) functions as a central hub in this signaling. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 opposes Syk activity; stimulation of NADPH oxidase by FcεRI activation results in the production of oxidants that reversibly inhibit SHP-1, up-regulating the signal from Syk. Activated AMPK can suppress Syk activation by the FcεRI receptor, possibly reflecting its ability to phosphorylate the FcεRI beta subunit. Cyclic GMP, via protein kinase G II, enhances the activity of SHP-1 by phosphorylating its C-terminal region; this may explain its inhibitory impact on mast cell activation. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) likewise opposes mast cell activation; H 2 S can boost AMPK activity, up-regulate cGMP production, and trigger Nrf2-mediated induction of Phase 2 enzymes -including heme oxygenase-1, whose generation of bilirubin suppresses NADPH oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chemical relative of bilirubin, shares its inhibitory impact on NADPH oxidase, rationalizing reported anti-allergic effects of PCB-rich spirulina ingestion. Phase 2 inducer nutraceuticals can likewise oppose the up-regulatory impact of NADPH oxidase on FcεRI signaling. AMPK can be activated with the nutraceutical berberine. Highdose biotin can boost cGMP levels in mast cells via direct stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Endogenous generation of H 2 S in mast cells can be promoted by administering N-acetylcysteine and likely by taurine, which increases the expression of H 2 S-producing enzymes in the vascular system. Mast cell stabilization by benifuuki green tea catechins may reflect the decreased surface expression of FcεRI.

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“…Finally, the effect of carotenoids has been evaluated in several clinical studies [67,68]. In 2008, Cingi et al evaluated the effect of the daily intake of 2 g of spirulina for 6 months versus placebo on symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis [68].…”

Section: Immunity and Entmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence of the Benefits of Phytonutrients in Human Healthcare

Monjotin

Amiot

Fleurentin³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Phytonutrients comprise many different chemicals, including carotenoids, indoles, glucosinolates, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, polyphenols, and saponins. This review focuses on the human healthcare benefits of seven phytochemical families and highlights the significant potential contribution of phytonutrients in the prevention and management of pathologies and symptoms in the field of family health. The structure and function of these phytochemical families and their dietary sources are presented, along with an overview of their potential activities across different health and therapeutic targets. This evaluation has enabled complementary effects of the different families of phytonutrients in the same area of health to be recognized.

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Clinical comparison of the efficacy of spirulina platensis and cetirizine for treatment of allergic rhinitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

C-Phycocyanin-derived Phycocyanobilin as a Potential Nutraceutical Approach for Major Neurodegenerative Disorders and COVID-19- induced Damage to the Nervous System

C-Phycocyanin-derived Phycocyanobilin as a Potential Nutraceutical Approach for Major Neurodegenerative Disorders and COVID-19- induced Damage to the Nervous System

Nutraceutical Aid for Allergies – Strategies for Down-Regulating Mast Cell Degranulation

Clinical Evidence of the Benefits of Phytonutrients in Human Healthcare

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