Immunomodulation in insects post-treatment with abiotic agents: A review

Shaurub, El‐Sayed H.

doi:10.14411/eje.2012.040

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…In general, such immune response changes are consistent with the immunomodulatory effects derived from the sub-lethal action of a variety of natural and synthetic insecticidal substances, including spinosad [ 35 ]. For instance, in the case of the botanical compound azadirachtin, an antagonistic effect with the molting hormone was proposed [ 36 ], which may explain the downregulation of ovarian functions in treated flies [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Sex-Specific Sub-Lethal Effects and Immune Response in Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Challenged with Spinosad

Mura¹,

Ruiu²

2018

Insects

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the insecticidal compound spinosad on the survival, reproduction, and immune functions of the Mediterranean fruit fly. The lethal and sub-lethal effects were determined on Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae) challenged with different concentrations of spinosad. A median lethal concentration of 0.28 ppm was observed on flies feeding for 5 days on a treated diet. A significant and concentration-dependent decrease in fecundity, egg hatch rate, and lifespan was also detected in treated compared with control flies. Gene expression analyses conducted on treated insects by RT-qPCR revealed an immunomodulatory action of sub-lethal concentrations of spinosad. Target transcripts included several genes involved in medfly immunity and male or female reproductive functions. While a significant upregulation was detected in treated males a short time after spinosad ingestion, most target genes were downregulated in treated females. Our study confirmed the high toxicity of spinosad to C. capitata, highlighting an indirect effect on insect lifespan and reproductive performance at sub-lethal doses. In addition to defining the acute and sub-lethal toxicity of spinosad against the fly, this study provides new insights on the interaction of this compound with insect physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Sex-Specific Sub-Lethal Effects and Immune Response in Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Challenged with Spinosad

Mura¹,

Ruiu²

2018

Insects

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“…This system includes cellular and humoral components that can be activated by invasion of foreign bodies, including pathogens (Hoffmann et al 1995). In the cellular defense mechanism, haemocytes are able to recognize the threats and react in three different ways against pathogens: phagocytosis, nodule formation or encapsulation (Shaurub 2012). In our study, a higher density of haemocytes was observed in the hemolymph of the larvae previously inoculated with alive or heat-killed L. rhamnosus and later with S. aureus or E. coli, suggesting a higher response in these groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These components are responsible for the synthesis and release of various antibacterial peptides. In addition, there are also other humoral components, including lectins (hemagglutinins) and a melanin-phenoloxidase (PO) system responsible for the coagulation of hemolymph (melanization) and death of microbial invaders, as well as parasites (Shaurub 2012;Zdybicka-Barabas et al al. 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the response of Galleria mellonella against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infections

et al. 2017

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This study evaluated the prophylactic effects of the live or heat-killed probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 in Galleria mellonella, inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli. L. rhamnosus suspension was prepared and a part of it was autoclaved to obtain heat-killed lactobacilli. The larvae were inoculated of these suspensions and pathogenic. The survival of the larvae was observed during 7 days and after 24 h of inoculation haemocytes counted, melanization and nitric oxide production were analyzed. Larvae survival rate increased in the group inoculated with heat-killed L. rhamnosus, however, with no statistical difference. There was a significant increase in total haemocyte counts in all test groups. Haemolymph melanization and nitric oxide production were higher in the group inoculated with L. rhamnosus and infected with S. aureus. It was concluded that, in this model of infection, heat-killed L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 promoted greater protection in Galleria mellonella infected with S. aureus or E. coli.

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“…In general, physiological disorders of insects under heavy metal stress mainly involve antioxidant, detoxification, energy metabolism and innate immunity. 29,30 Of which, innate immunity and energy metabolism are two major mechanisms of heavy metal stress that affect insect susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Section: Underlying Mechanisms Of Heavy Metal Stress On Biological Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of heavy metal along food chain: a mini‐review on insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms under heavy metal stress

Jiang

Tan

Guo

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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The development and physiological status of pest insects are important factors that affect the effectiveness of biological control. Current knowledge reveals that heavy metals can be transferred to phytophagous insects through food chains and cause various chronic toxicological effects on the growth and physiology of phytophagous insects. These findings potentially attribute heavy metal contamination to an environmental factor governing biocontrol efficiency against pest insects, pointing to an urgent demand to better understand the effects of heavy metal exposure on insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms. Here we discuss the transfer characteristics of heavy metals along the food chains to phytophagous insects and conclude that heavy metal exposure may promote insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms in the heavy metal‐contaminated regions. Furthermore, we propose a ‘combined effect’ hypothesis that combination of entomopathogenic agent and heavy metal stress can cause a much higher overall insect mortality than does the entomopathogenic agent or the heavy metal stress alone. This is a new and relatively unexplored area in the microbial‐based biocontrol research, which might have great potential for future optimization of biocontrol strategies against economically and ecologically important agricultural or forest pests in the heavy metal polluted areas. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Immunomodulation in insects post-treatment with abiotic agents: A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 141 publications

Sex-Specific Sub-Lethal Effects and Immune Response in Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Challenged with Spinosad

Sex-Specific Sub-Lethal Effects and Immune Response in Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Challenged with Spinosad

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the response of Galleria mellonella against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infections

Transfer of heavy metal along food chain: a mini‐review on insect susceptibility to entomopathogenic microorganisms under heavy metal stress

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