Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Lin, Baoxu; Cheng, Linlin; Zhang, Jin; Yang, Mei; Zhang, Yixiao; Liu, Jianhua; Qin, Xiaosong

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2023.117390

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 92 publications

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“…A robust immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is typical in immunocompetent individuals, including humoral and cell-mediated responses to multiple viral antigens and epitopes 19 . Antibody levels and patterns (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection biomarkers in a household transmission study

Groh,

Vehreschild,

Diaz

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Timely and accurate diagnostic testing is vital to contain the spread of infection, reduce delays in treatment and care, and inform patient management. Optimal specimen type (e.g. nasal swabs or saliva), timing of sampling, viral marker assayed (RNA or antigen), and correlation with viral infectivity and COVID-19 symptoms severity remain incompletely defined. We conducted a field study to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 viral marker kinetics starting from very early times after infection. We measured RNA and antigen levels in nasal swabs and saliva, virus outgrowth in cell culture from nasal swabs, and antibody levels in blood in a cohort of 30 households. Nine household contacts (HHC) became infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the study. Viral RNA was detected in saliva specimens approximately 1–2 days before nasal swabs in six HHC. Detection of RNA was more sensitive than of antigen, but antigen detection was better correlated with culture positivity, a proxy for contagiousness. Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies peaked one to three weeks post-infection. Viral RNA and antigen levels were higher in specimens yielding replication competent virus in cell culture. This study provides important data that can inform how to optimally interpret SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection biomarkers in a household transmission study

Groh,

Vehreschild,

Diaz

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Ethno‐demographic disparities in humoral responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine among healthcare workers

Ahluwalia,

Vashisht,

Singh

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The COVID‐19 pandemic had a profound impact on global health, but rapid vaccine administration resulted in a significant decline in morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we sought to explore the temporal changes in the humoral immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Augusta, GA, USA, and investigate any potential associations with ethno‐demographic features. Specifically, we aimed to compare the naturally infected individuals with naïve individuals to understand the immune response dynamics after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. A total of 290 HCWs were included and assessed prospectively in this study. COVID status was determined using a saliva‐based COVID assay. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were quantified using a chemiluminescent immunoassay system, and IgG levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. We examined the changes in antibody levels among participants using different statistical tests including logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis. Our findings revealed a significant decline in NAb and IgG levels at 8−12 months postvaccination. Furthermore, a multivariable analysis indicated that this decline was more pronounced in White HCWs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07−4.08, p = 0.02) and IgG (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.04−4.11, p = 0.03) among the whole cohort. Booster doses significantly increased IgG and NAb levels, while a decline in antibody levels was observed in participants without booster doses at 12 months postvaccination. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the dynamics of immune response and the potential influence of demographic factors on waning immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2. In addition, our findings emphasize the value of booster doses to ensure durable immunity.

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Synthesis of cell penetrating peptide sterol coupler and its liposome study on S-mRNA

Li,

Ma,

et al. 2023

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

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Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Cited by 3 publications

References 92 publications

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection biomarkers in a household transmission study

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection biomarkers in a household transmission study

Ethno‐demographic disparities in humoral responses to the COVID‐19 vaccine among healthcare workers

Synthesis of cell penetrating peptide sterol coupler and its liposome study on S-mRNA

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