Immunological tolerance: the liver effect

Current State of Combined Heart–Liver Transplantation in the United States

“…Induction of tolerance of heart grafts in the setting of a concomitant liver graft has indeed been well demonstrated in animal models. 36,37 Lower acute rejection rates have been reported for combined heart-lung transplantation in humans when compared with single-…”

Molecular aspects of medicine: from experimental to clinical hepatology

“…Excellent reviews are available on the role of the liver in the development of immune tolerance and the antigen-specific immune response (e.g. Calne, 2000;Knolle and Gerken, 2000;Seki et al, 2000). This section focusses on the hepatic acute phase response.…”

Clinical Relevance of Immune Monitoring in Solid Organ Transplantation

“…The need for reliable immune monitoring programs is evident from the finding of recent prospective drug weaning trials which showed that patients in these trials experienced more rejections and developed more sclerosis of the transplant than patients on conventional immunosuppression [9,[80][81][82]. It is well known that liver transplant recipients are more receptive to tolerance induction protocols than recipients of other solid organ transplants and that drug weaning procedures are more successful after liver transplantation [14,47,83]. In all probability, successful immune monitoring programs will be first developed for liver transplant recipients.…”