Immunological status of the progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated feed

Toxico-Pathological Effects of In Ovo Inoculation of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in Chick Embryos and Subsequently in Hatched Chicks

“…However, studies made on OTA-fed chicks reported an increase in the weights of liver and kidneys (Hanif et al 2008;Stoev et al 2002) and a decrease in weights of bursa of Fabricius (Singh et al 1990;Gibson et al 1989). This increase in the weights of liver and kidneys is correlated with nephro-and hepatotoxic effects of OTA, resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory cells (Zahoor-ul-Hassan et al 2010). However, decrease in the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius may be due to degenerative/necrotic effects of OTA in the follicles of immunological organs, as observed in our previous studies (Zahoor-ul-Hassan et al 2011) in the progeny of hens kept on OTA-contaminated feed.…”

“…Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of OTA alone and in combination with other mycotoxins have been reported in rat, rabbit, and chicken (Wangikar et al 2007(Wangikar et al , 2005Wangikar, Dwivedi, and Sinha 2004;Wei and Sulik 1996;Vesala, Vesely, and Jelinek 1983;Gilani, Bancroft, and Reily 1978). A significant decrease in the number of immunoglobulin bearing cells in spleen and bursa of Fabricius and also poor production performance of the progeny of breeder hens maintained on OTA-contaminated ration have been reported by Zahoor-ul-Hassan et al (2011) andSemeniuk et al (1971).…”

“…Besides its hepatotoxic, immunosuppreseant, teratogenic, neurotoxic, and mutagenic effects (Zahoor-ul-Hassan et al 2010;Wangikar et al 2007;Elaroussi et al 2006;Sava et al 2006;Kumar et al 2004;Gilani, Bancroft, and Reily 1978), it has also been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; 1993) as a possible human carcinogen (2B). In experimental studies, residues of OTA have been detected in the blood and tissues (Denli et al 2008;Biro et al 2002;Niemiec et al 1994) and also in the eggs (Frye and Chu 1978;Fuchs et al 1988;Niemiec et al 1994) of birds kept on OTAcontaminated ration.…”

Immunological responses of male White Leghorn chicks kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated feed

“…OTA is characterized by numerous toxicities. Various studies have illustrated its nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or neurotoxic effects, as well as its capacity to impart growth suppressive effects in different avian and mammalian species (Gilani et al, 1978;Kumar et al, 2004;Robbiano et al, 2004;Wangikar et al, 2005;ul-Hassan et al, 2010ul-Hassan et al, , 2011.…”

“…At 16-days of age, 10 birds/group were injected with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) (MP Biomedicals, Inc., Cleveland, OH) to study the lymphoproliferative response described by Corrier (1990) andul-Hassan et al (2011). For this purpose, 100 µg PHA-P (dissolved in 0.1 ml normal saline) was injected into the intra-digital space between digits 3 and 4 of the right foot.…”