Immunological responses of male White Leghorn chicks kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated feed

Hassan, Zahoor Ul; Khan, Muhammad Zargham; Saleemi, Muhammad Kashif; Khan, Ahrar; Javed, Ijaz; Noreen, Mnaza

doi:10.3109/1547691x.2011.627393

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Antibody responses to SRBC were significantly lower in birds fed OTA alone after both primary and booster doses. Similar results of decreases in humoral immune responses induced by OTA have been reported in broiler chicks (Campbell et al, 1983;Singh et al, 1990;Elkady, 1993;Verma et al, 2004;Elauorssi et al, 2006;Hassan et al, 2010). Decreases in antibody responses to Newcastle Disease vaccine in broiler chicks fed OTA have also been reported by Stoev et al (2002) and Santin et al (2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Amelioration of Ochratoxin A-induced immunotoxic effects by silymarin and vitamin E in White Leghorn cockerels

Khatoon

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2012

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Silymarin (SL) is the bioactive extract of the plant Silybum marianum and Vitamin E (VE) is an important anti-oxidant. The present study was designed to evaluate potential ameliorative effects of SL and VE against Ochratoxin A (OTA)induced immunotoxic effects in White Leghorn cockerels. One day-old birds were divided into 12 groups (20 birds/ group) and fed basal diets amended with OTA (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg) alone or in combination with SL (10 g/kg) and/or VE (200 mg/kg) for 42 days. Immunological in situ responses, including antibody formation against sheep red blood cells (7 and 14 days after both primary and booster injections), lymphoproliferative responses to avian tuberculin (30 days of age), and mononuclear phagocytic system function (i.e. by clearance of injected carbon particles) assay (42 days of age), were assessed. Results suggested that silymarin and Vitamin E alone or in combination ameliorated the immunotoxic effects induced by 1.0 mg OTA/kg but could not significantly impact on the effect from ingestion of 2.0 mg OTA/kg. The results of the present study suggested that both SL and VE possess an ability to ameliorate OTAinduced immunotoxicity in chicks. However, it remains to be determined whether/what SL:OTA or VE:OTA ratios are required to assure such mitigation of OTA-induced immunotoxicities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Amelioration of Ochratoxin A-induced immunotoxic effects by silymarin and vitamin E in White Leghorn cockerels

Khatoon

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2012

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Hassan et al. () fed a diet contaminated with different OTA levels (0–0.1–0.5–1–3–5–10 mg/kg) to laying hens for 21 days. The diet contaminated with 0.1 mg OTA/kg, which is the same concentration used in the present study, did not affect the body weight or feed consumption during the three weeks of dietary treatment, but caused a worsening of the feed conversion during the third week of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 1. Effects on growth and slaughter performance, haematological and serum traits

Pozzo

Salamano

Mellia

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryThe European Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC, suggests that the maximum level of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feeds should be set at 0.1 mg OTA/kg. Thirty-six one-day-old male Hubburd broiler chickens were divided into two groups, a Control (basal diet) and an Ochratoxin A (basal diet + 0.1 mg OTA/kg) group. The growth and slaughter performance traits were recorded. The liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weights were measured. The erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers were assayed in blood samples, and the heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L) ratio was determined. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), lysozyme, the total protein and the electrophoretic pattern were evaluated in serum samples. Liver enzymes (alanino aminotransferase, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and kidney function parameters (uric acid and creatinine) were quantified. The results revealed that feeding a 0.1 mg OTA/kg contaminated diet to chicks caused a decrease in the absolute thymus weight (p < 0.05) and a lower total protein (p < 0.01), albumin (p < 0.01), alpha (p < 0.05), beta (p = 0.001) and gamma (p = 0.001) globulins serum concentration in the Ochratoxin A group. Moreover, the albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio of the OTA-treated animals resulted to be higher (p < 0.05). Feeding broiler chickens, a diet contaminated with the maximum level admitted by the European Commission Recommendation (0.1 mg OTA/kg), did not affect the animal performance, slaughter traits, organ weights, haematological parameters, liver enzyme or renal function parameters concentrations but had an overall immunosuppressant effect, with reduction in the thymus weight and of the total serum protein, albumin, alpha, beta and gamma globulins concentration.

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“…At 14 days-of-age, 10 chicks/group were injected with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) (MP Biomedicals, Inc., Cleveland, OH) to study the lymphoproliferative response as described by Hassan et al (2012c). For this purpose, 100 mg PHA-P (dissolved in 0.1 ml normal saline) was injected into the intra-digital space between digits 3 and 4 of the right foot.…”

Section: Lymphoproliferative Response To Phytohemagglutinin-p (Pha-p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of white leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E

Khan

et al. 2013

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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This study was designed to evaluate the protective activity of Vitamin E (Vit E) on the immunotoxic effects induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the progeny of breeder hens. For this purpose, 192 White Leghorn (WL) layer breeder hens were divided into 12 groups (A-L) and then fed test diets for either 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Group A was kept on basal feed (2900 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy) and served as control, while group B was offered a feed supplemented with Vit E at 100 mg/Kg. Groups C-G were offered feed containing 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/Kg AFB1, respectively, whereas groups H-L were offered the same dietary levels of AFB1 along with 100 mg/Kg Vit E supplementation. Hatching eggs were shifted to an incubator on a weekly basis to get progeny chicks. Hatched chicks in each group were maintained on basal ration and then subjected to different immunological assays. Lymphoproliferative responses (against PHA-P), antibody titers (against SRBC), oxidative damage to RBC, as well as phagocytic and nitrite production potential of the peritoneal macrophages from the chicks, were all adversely impacted by hen exposure to the higher doses of AFB1 or by increased intake (time) by the hens at a given dose of the toxin. No consistent ameliorative effects from Vit E were noted in these studies, i.e. effects seen against lower AFB1 doses were no longer apparent with the highest doses of AFB1. As such, for now it can be concluded that, with this particular single dose level of Vit E, AFB1-associated immunotoxic effects in progeny chicks can potentially be mitigated by dietary intake of Vit E by their hen dams. However, this is clearly an outcome that is driven by the level of the mycotoxin present in the feed. Future studies need to examine what impact higher Vit E doses than those employed herein might have in these ameliorative outcomes.

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Immunological responses of male White Leghorn chicks kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated feed

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Amelioration of Ochratoxin A-induced immunotoxic effects by silymarin and vitamin E in White Leghorn cockerels

Amelioration of Ochratoxin A-induced immunotoxic effects by silymarin and vitamin E in White Leghorn cockerels

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 1. Effects on growth and slaughter performance, haematological and serum traits

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of white leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E

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