Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for chickens at the maximum level recommended by the <scp>EU</scp> for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 1. Effects on growth and slaughter performance, haematological and serum traits

Pozzo, Luisa; Salamano, Germana; Mellia, Elisabetta; Gennero, Maria Silvia; Doglione, L.; Cavallarin, Laura; Tarantola, Martina; Forneris, Gilberto; Schiavone, Achille

doi:10.1111/jpn.12050

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These results suggest that the maximum level of OTA set by the European Recommendation for poultry feed did not completely prevent histopathological lesions in the immune organs of broiler chicks. These results agree with the data obtained in the first part of the study (Pozzo et al.,) that, for OTA‐treated chicks, reported a decrease in thymus weight and in total protein, albumin, alpha, beta and gamma globulin serum concentration. However, Kozaczynski showed that long‐term (20 week) administration of 0.2 mg OTA/kg in feed, at twice the concentration used in the present study, caused no histopathological lesions (Kozaczynski, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The two groups received two different diets, and three replicates per diet were used: the control group received the basal diet (a soybean meal, wheat‐ and corn‐based diet; first period: metabolizable energy: 13.1 MJ/kg and crude protein = 230.5 g/kg; second period: metabolizable energy = 13.5 MJ/kg and crude protein = 195.0 g/kg), while the ochratoxin A group received an OTA‐contaminated diet (0.1 mg OTA/kg added to the basal diet). The contamination of feed and the results of homogeneity test are described in Part 1 of the present study (Pozzo et al., ). Control diet was naturally contaminated at a level of 0.27 ± 0.09 μg OTA/kg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for broiler chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 2. Effects on meat quality, oxidative stress, residues and histological traits

Pozzo

Cavallarin

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryThe European Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC indicates that the maximum tolerable level of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feeds is 0.1 mg OTA/kg. Thirty-six 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into two groups, a control (basal diet) and an OTA (basal diet + 0.1 mg OTA/kg) group. The OTA concentration was quantified in serum, liver, kidney, breast and thigh samples. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content were evaluated in the liver, kidney, breast and thigh samples. The glutathione (GSH) content, and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in the liver and kidney samples. Histopathological traits were evaluated for the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and liver samples. Moreover, the chemical composition of the meat was analysed in breast and thigh samples. In the OTA diet-fed animals, a serum OTA concentration of 1.15 AE 0.35 ng/ml was found, and OTA was also detected in kidney and liver at 3.58 AE 0.85 ng OTA/g f.w. and 1.92 AE 0.21 ng OTA/g f.w., respectively. The TBARS content was higher in the kidney of the ochratoxin A group (1.53 AE 0.18 nmol/mg protein vs. 0.91 AE 0.25 nmol/mg protein). Feeding OTA at 0.1 mg OTA/kg also resulted in degenerative lesions in the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and liver. The maximum tolerable level of 0.1 mg OTA/kg, established for poultry feeds by the EU, represents a safe limit for the final consumer, because no OTA residues were found in breast and thigh meat. Even though no clinical signs were noticed in the birds fed the OTA-contaminated diet, moderate histological lesions were observed in the liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for broiler chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 2. Effects on meat quality, oxidative stress, residues and histological traits

Pozzo

Cavallarin

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…LDH of a and c groups, and AST of c group were lower in the highdose than the control rats, which were consistent with previous reports 14,15 . In contrast, ALB activity of c group was slightly higher in high-dose group than in control rats 13 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…An ''in-silico'' screening of miRNA binding site prediction was carried out within deregulated genes by adopting the miRWalk database 15 , including miRanda, miRDB, miRWalk, PITA, TargetScan and RNAhybrid. The targets predicted by at least two different programs were chosen for further analysis to effectively reduce false positive targets 13,[17][18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Wwwnaturecom/scientificreportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A induced early hepatotoxicity: new mechanistic insights from microRNA, mRNA and proteomic profiling studies

Yang

Chen

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is found widely in agricultural commodities. OTA can induce various toxicities. In this study, rats were gavaged with OTA for different weeks. Then, the expression of microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins were measured in the rat livers treated with OTA for 13 weeks. Our sequencing data suggests that the medial and the high doses of OTA exert different effects on livers. Five distinctive pathways were induced after OTA treatment as collectively demonstrated at miRNA, mRNA and protein levels. Two (primary bile acid biosynthesis, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450) are directly associated with liver damage, whereas the remaining pathways (arginine and proline metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway) cause metabolic disease. This study reveals OTA-induced early hepatotoxicity for the first time by combining multi-omics methods. The novel metabolic pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases later in life.O chratoxin A (OTA) is a low molecular weight mycotoxin produced by certain strains of filamentous fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and has been detected in a large variety of agricultural commodities. OTA carries potential health-associated risks and has been classified as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer 1 . OTA has previously been found to induce various toxic effects including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity and mutagenicity.The liver is one of the major target organs of OTA biotransformation. Although, some early hepatotoxicity studies employed relative high concentrations of OTA and found remarkable liver lesion 2,3 , lower doses of OTA did not provoke significant pathological changes 4-6 . Most of the previous studies have been extensively focused on OTA-induced kidney damage, less on liver. However, it is still unknown how OTA affects the liver which is the largest detoxification organ of body. Therefore, the identification of early hepatotoxicity can be helpful to understand the mechanism of some diseases that may be developed and progressed by OTA in later stage, and to prevent these diseases in early stage to improve human health.Omics approaches, such as transcriptome and proteome, are promising to detect the pathological changes of liver at a molecular level. Till date, omics technology has been employed only in a few studies to understand the mechanism of OTA hepatotoxicity. Moreover, a high-throughput microarray profiling study on HepG2 liver cell transcriptome demonstrated that multiple hepatic metabolism genes are modulated by OTA exposure 7 . In addition, proteomic approaches have helped identify key proteins in the livers of pigs treated with OTA 8 . These omics approaches have widened our view about OTA hepatotoxicity, however the mechanism of OTA actions remains largely unknown.Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) in animals and plants are shown to play an impor...

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“…Scientific literature reports several experiments in which tissues and organs from poultry experimentally exposed to OTA were analysed [20,[38][39][40][41] but only few survey studies were carried out to monitor the presence of OTA in tissues of animals normally reared on poultry farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ochratoxin A Exposure in Ornamental and Self-Consumption Backyard Chickens

Guerrini

Altafini

Roncada

2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that may be present in various food and feed of plant and animal origin, including chicken meat. In Italy, backyard poultry farming is rather widespread. Animals are raised for meat, eggs and for ornamental purpose, and they are often fed with home-made diets not subject to official controls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate exposure of ornamental and backyard chickens to OTA using biliary ochratoxin A as a biomarker. Therefore, bile samples, in addition to kidney, liver and muscle, were collected from 102 chickens reared in 16 farms located in 6 Italian regions. High-performance liquid chromatography method and fluorimetric detection (HPLC-FLD) analysis were carried out firstly on bile from all animals, and OTA was detected in 12 chickens (concentration range 3.83–170.42 µg/L). Subsequently, the kidneys of these chickens were also analysed, and the mycotoxin was not detected. The analytical detection limits (LODs) of OTA in bile and kidney were 2.1 µg/L and 0.1 µg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, these animals were exposed to OTA but their meat can be considered safe, given that this mycotoxin, if present, concentrates highest in kidneys. Biliary ochratoxin A confirms its use as a valid biomarker to assess exposure of poultry to OTA.

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Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 1. Effects on growth and slaughter performance, haematological and serum traits

Cited by 34 publications

References 54 publications

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for broiler chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 2. Effects on meat quality, oxidative stress, residues and histological traits

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for broiler chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 2. Effects on meat quality, oxidative stress, residues and histological traits

Ochratoxin A induced early hepatotoxicity: new mechanistic insights from microRNA, mRNA and proteomic profiling studies

Assessment of Ochratoxin A Exposure in Ornamental and Self-Consumption Backyard Chickens

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