Immunological responses and evaluation of the protection in dairy cows vaccinated with staphylococcal surface proteins

Merrill, Caitlin Elizabeth; Ensermu, Desta Beyene; Abdi, Reta D.; Gillespie, B. E.; Vaughn, Jacqueline M.; Headrick, Susan I.; Hash, K.; Walker, Tate; Stone, E. Taylor; Dego, Oudessa Kerro

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109890

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thus, combining multiple surface proteins into a single vaccine should be a feasible approach, since they provide a high level of protection against experimental challenges of S. aureus in mouse models (Gaudreau et al., 2007; Mazmanian et al., 2000; Stranger-Jones et al., 2006). We also found that vaccination of dairy cows with multiple immune-reactive staphylococcal surface proteins as vaccine antigens induced partial protection against S. aureus mastitis (Merrill et al., 2019). However, there is limited information on how to extract staphylococcal surface proteins that are accessible to the host immune system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity

Abdi

Dunlap

Gillespie

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Staphylococcus aureus is the major contagious bovine mastitis pathogen and has no effective vaccine. Strain variation and limited knowledge of common immunogenic antigen/s are among major constraints for developing effective vaccines. S. aureus cell surface proteins that are exposed to the host immune system constitute good vaccine candidates. The objective of this study was to compare two novel S. aureus surface protein extraction methods with biotinylation method and evaluate immune-reactivity of extracted proteins. Surface proteins were extracted from nine genetically distinct S. aureus strains from cases of bovine mastitis. After extraction, bacterial cell integrity was examined by Gram staining and electron microscopy to determine if extraction methods caused damage to cells that may release non-surface proteins. The extracted proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and evaluated for immune-reactivity using western blot. Results showed that all three extraction methods provided multiple protein bands on SDS-PAGE. Western blot result showed several immunoreactive surface proteins, in which some proteins strongly (well-resolved, thick, dark, and intense band) reacted across the nine strains tested. The three methods are valid for the extraction of surface proteins and hexadecane, and cholic acid methods are more feasible than biotinylation since both are easier, cheaper, and have minor effects on the bacterial cell. Strongly immune-reactive surface proteins may serve as potential candidates for a vaccine to control S. aureus mastitis in dairy cows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity

Abdi

Dunlap

Gillespie

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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show abstract

“…Some of the most common mastitis pathogens that have been targeted for vaccine development are S. aureus, S. agalactiae, S. uberis, and E. coli [44]. Most of these experimental and some commercial vaccines are bacterins which are inactivated whole organism, and some vaccines contained subunits of the organism such as surface proteins [45], toxins, or polysaccharides.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and Prevention of Mastitis: Part Two

Dego¹

2021

Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine

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Current mastitis control measures are based upon good milking time hygiene; use of properly functioning milking machines; maintaining clean, dry, comfortable housing areas; segregation and culling of persistently infected animals; dry cow antibiotic therapy; proper identification and treatment of cows with clinical mastitis during lactation; establishing udder health goals; good record-keeping; regular monitoring of udder health status and periodic review of mastitis control program. Despite significant effect of these control measures when fully adopted, especially on contagious mastitis pathogens, these measures are not equally adopted by all farmers, and mastitis continues to be the most common and costly disease of dairy cattle throughout the world.

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“…The major bacterial bovine mastitis pathogens that have been targeted for vaccine development are S. aureus, S. uberis, and E. coli [92]. Most of these experimental and some commercial vaccines are Bacterins which are inactivated whole organism, and some vaccines contained subunits of the organism such as surface proteins [93], toxins, or polysaccharides.…”

Section: Intramammary Immune Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most mastitis vaccines are killed whole bacterial cells (Bacterin) vaccines [75, 77, 80, 108-111, 113-117, 124] that are difficult to improve because of difficulty to specifically identify an immunogenic component that induced partial or some protective effect. In this regard, some of the current efforts to use a mixture of purified surface proteins as vaccine antigens [93] to induce immunity than killed whole bacterial cells (Bacterin) is encouraging. A better understanding of natural and acquired immunological defenses of the mammary gland coupled with detailed knowledge of the pathogenesis of each mammary pathogen should lead to the development of improved methods of reducing the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows.…”

Section: Vaccine Trials Against Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Antimicrobial Resistance and Prospect for New Vaccines against Major Bacterial Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

Dego¹

2021

Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine

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Economic losses due to bovine mastitis is estimated to be $2 billion in the United States alone. Antimicrobials are used extensively in dairy farms for prevention and treatment of mastitis and other diseases of dairy cattle. The use of antimicrobials for treatment and prevention of diseases of dairy cattle needs to be prudent to slow down the development, persistence, and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from dairy farms to humans, animals, and farm environments. Because of public health and food safety concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial residues in meat and milk, alternative approaches for disease control are required. These include vaccines, improvements in housing, management practices that reduce the likelihood and effect of infectious diseases, management systems and feed formulation, studies to gain a better understanding of animal behavior, and the development of more probiotics and competitive exclusion products. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from cases of mastitis and dairy farm environments is important for treatment decisions and proper design of antimicrobial-resistance mitigation measures. It also helps to determine emergence, persistence, and potential risk of the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistome from these reservoirs in dairy farms to humans, animals, and farm environments.

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Immunological responses and evaluation of the protection in dairy cows vaccinated with staphylococcal surface proteins

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity

Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity

Control and Prevention of Mastitis: Part Two

Current Status of Antimicrobial Resistance and Prospect for New Vaccines against Major Bacterial Bovine Mastitis Pathogens

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