Immunological parameters in perennial rhinitis

Knight, Allan; Underdown, Brian J.; Connell, John T.; Nedzelski, Julian M.; Elie, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01537.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other investigators have reported on results of nasal biopsies, but detailed description of a placebo group is lacking. Knight et al (1979) concluded that beclomethasone did not significantly change the histological picture seen in successive biopsies although eosinophilic infiltrates appeared to decline. On the other hand, Mygind et al (1978) also biopsied the nose after beclomethasone steroid aerosol and found a significant decrease in oedema, eosinophils and goblet cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Beneficial effects of propylene and polyethylene glycol and saline in the treatment of perennial rhinitis

Spector

Toshener

Rosenman

1982

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Although propylene-and-polyethylene-glycol and saline have been used in clinical siudies as placebos, their possible therapeutic role as wetting agents in the treatment of perennial rhinitis was investigated. Clinical and laboratory response to these agents was measured in eighteen patients during a 2-week baseline period and with 4 weeks of active treatment in a double blind randomized study. After 2 and 4 weeks there was a significant improvement compared to baseline in nasal function (/'<005) and blockage index (P<00\) combining both groups, with no difference between treatments. Patients had less sneezing at 2 and 4 weeks (P < 001), and less stuffiness at 4 weeks (P < 0 01). There was a significant correlation between improvement in blockage index and nasal biopsies when both were judged independently of the other. This study has demonstrated that wetting agents offer both subjective and objective improvement in the treatment of perennial rhinitis and merit consideration prior to (or along with) other agents with known systemic side effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Beneficial effects of propylene and polyethylene glycol and saline in the treatment of perennial rhinitis

Spector

Toshener

Rosenman

1982

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…Nasal biopsy samples reveal epithelial accumulation similar to that identified in seasonal disease as well as increases within the lamina propria [6]. However, this finding is not invariable and may reflect both the degree of atopic sensitization and the level of perennial allergen exposure [53]. The number of eosinophils present in nasal cytospin samples has been found to correlate weakly with the level of nasal hyperactivity to histamine [50].…”

Section: Perennial Allergic Rhinitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils and rhinitis

Howarth

2005

Clin Exp All Rev

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Summary Allergic rhinitis (AR) is typified by the nasal mucosal and luminal recruitment of eosinophils. These changes are evident in both seasonal and perennial disease, although the magnitude of these cellular changes is often greater with the more transient intense stimulation associated with seasonal allergen exposure than with the chronic persistent stimulation linked to perennial disease. Measures of eosinophil activation markers in nasal lavage such as eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein X parallel the eosinophilic cellular changes and have been used serially to monitor allergic inflammation in association with intranasal allergen challenge and in therapeutic intervention studies. In both naturally occurring disease and laboratory allergen challenge, there is considerable inter‐subject variability in the magnitude of eosinophil airway recruitment and activation. Studies evaluating the mechanisms involved in nasal eosinophil recruitment identify systemic involvement of bone marrow stimulation and tissue recruitment of circulating progenitor cells. Interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) is a key cytokine involved in this process, acting on both marrow and circulating progenitors, with chemokines such as stromal cell derived factor‐1, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and eotaxin potentially being involved in tissue uptake and localization within the nasal airways. Inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes acting through the cys‐LT1 receptor, in conjunction with IL‐5, and prostaglandin D2 acting through eosinophil‐expressed DP and CRTH2 cell surface receptors also contribute in animal models of allergic inflammation. The function of nasal eosinophils in AR can be debated. Genetic and nasal challenge models, with chemokines that promote eosinophil influx, support the relevance of eosinophils to symptom expression in rhinitis while the timing of the eosinophil recruitment following intranasal allergen challenge, the relationship between eosinophils and plasma protein exudation as well as the appreciation that clinical disease expression can arise in the apparent absence of nasal eosinophilia favour a restorative function for this cell. In the absence of specific eosinophil‐targeted intervention in rhinitis, it is not possible to conclusively apportion the relative involvement of eosinophils in these inductive and restorative processes but it has to be appreciated that the close association between eosinophils and clinical disease expression in rhinitis is not necessarily causal.

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“…has long been recognized that patients with rhinitis form a markedly heterogeneous group. ', 3 In an attempt to correct this situation, the international rhinitis management working group has proposed a new classification system ( Table 1) and stated that rhinitis should be defined as 'an inflammation of the lining of the nose, characterized by one or more of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea and itching'. 4 It has also been recently suggested that patients should have two out of the three symptoms for more than 1 h per day for a period in excess of 2 weeks for a firm diagnosis of 'rhinitis' to be made.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%