Immunological Approaches for Tolerance Induction in Allergy

Conrad, Melanie L.; Renz, Harald; Blaser, Kurt

doi:10.1007/82_2011_128

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…9 Treg populations dampen responses through a variety of mechanisms, including cell-cell contact and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, such as TGF- β and IL-10. 10 …”

Section: Immune Cells In Fa: Antigen-presenting Cells T Cells B Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, there are no unique cellular markers that distinguish Tregs from T H cells, and identification of Tregs requires functional assays in addition to cellular markers and cytokine secretion profiles (Table 2). 10 Tr1 regulatory cells predominantly secrete IL-10, T H 3 cells predominantly secrete TGF- β , and natural Tregs secrete moderate amounts of both cytokines. The central role of Tregs in tolerance is well established; however, the importance of the individual Treg subtypes in oral tolerance is less clear because there is now evidence that Tregs exhibit phenotypic plasticity.…”

Section: Overview Of Mechanisms Of Immune Tolerance (Permanent Unrespmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Sampath

Tupa

Graham

et al. 2017

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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Objective To review our current understanding of immunotherapy, the immune mechanisms underlying food allergy, and the methodological advances that are furthering our understanding of the role of immune cells and other molecules in mediating food allergies. Data Sources Literature searches were performed using the following combination of terms: allergy, immunotherapy, food, and mechanisms. Data from randomized clinical studies using state-of-the-art mechanistic tools were prioritized. Study Selections Articles were selected based on their relevance to food allergy. Results Current standard of care for food allergies is avoidance of allergenic foods and the use of epinephrine in case of severe reaction during unintentional ingestion. During the last few decades, great strides have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying food allergy, and this information is spearheading the development of exciting new treatments. Conclusion Immunotherapy protocols are effective in desensitizing individuals to specific allergens; however, recurrence of allergic sensitization is common after discontinuation of therapy. Interestingly, in a subset of individuals, immunotherapy is protective against allergens even after discontinuation of immunotherapy. Whether this protection is permanent is currently unknown because of inadequate long-term follow-up data. Research on understanding the underlying mechanisms may assist in modifying protocols to improve outcome and enable sustained unresponsiveness, rather than a temporary relief against food allergies. The cellular changes brought about by immunotherapy are still a black box, but major strides in our understanding are being made at an exciting pace.

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“…9 Treg populations dampen responses through a variety of mechanisms, including cell-cell contact and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, such as TGF- β and IL-10. 10 …”

Section: Immune Cells In Fa: Antigen-presenting Cells T Cells B Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Mechanisms Of Immune Tolerance (Permanent Unrespmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Sampath

Tupa

Graham

et al. 2017

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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“…By inducing a state of tolerance in peripheral T cells, AIT aims to reprogram the immune system's response to allergens. This process helps to reduce the severity of allergic reactions and improve the individual's tolerance to allergens over time [51]. The groups of Treg with distinct phenotypes and mechanisms of action include those naturally selected by the thymus, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, and the inducible type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1).…”

Section: Generation Of Regulatory T Cells (Treg) and Peripheral T Cel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (AIT)

Thiago Luiz Bandeira,

Isabela Mansur Bandeira,

Juliana CM Vasconcellos

et al. 2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Allergic/atopic patients do not develop immune tolerance to certain substances in the environment which are harmless to non-allergic individuals. These patients are hypersensitive to these substances-allergens. Specific Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT), also known as Allergy Shots or Desensitization, is a therapeutic approach used to treat allergic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and insect sting allergies. The primary goal of AIT is to reduce the allergic response to specific allergens by gradually exposing the patient to increasing doses of the allergen over time. This exposure helps the immune system build tolerance to the allergen, leading to a decrease in allergic symptoms and a long-term improvement in clinical outcomes. Research has confirmed the long-term clinical efficacy of AIT, and its ability to induce antigen-specific tolerance. In this review, we aim to discuss the immunological mechanisms involved in different types of AITs, their efficacy and safety.

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“…Allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are typified by an undesirable reaction to a normally harmless allergen in the environment (15). Allergens can enter the body through various routes, such as inhalation, ingestion or external skin contact (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-allergic effects of a nonameric peptide isolated from the intestine gastrointestinal digests of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) in activated HMC-1 human mast cells

Lee

Park

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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The aim of the present study was to examine whether the intestine gastrointestinal (GI) digests of abalone [Haliotis discus hannai (H. discus hannai)] modulate inflammatory responses and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. The GI digests of the abalone intestines were fractionated into fractions I (>10 kDa), II (5-10 kDa) and Ⅲ (<5 kDa). Of the abalone intestine GI digests (AIGIDs), fraction Ⅲ inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. Subsequently, a bioactive peptide [abalone intestine GI digest peptide (AIGIDP)] isolated from fraction Ⅲ was determined to be 1175.2 Da, and the amino acid sequence was found to be PFNQGTFAS. We noted that the purified nonameric peptide (AIGIDP) attenuated the phorbol‑12‑myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-induced histamine release and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in human mast cells (HMC-1 cells). In addition, we also noted that AIGIDP inhibited the PMACI‑induced activation of nuclear factor‑κB (NF-κB) by suppressing IκBα phosphorylation and that it suppressed the production of cytokines by decreasing the phosphorylation of JNK. The findings of our study indicate that AIGIDP exerts a modulatory, anti-allergic effect on mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.

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Immunological Approaches for Tolerance Induction in Allergy

Cited by 3 publications

References 150 publications

Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Deciphering the black box of food allergy mechanisms

Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (AIT)

Anti-allergic effects of a nonameric peptide isolated from the intestine gastrointestinal digests of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) in activated HMC-1 human mast cells

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