Immunologic messenger molecules: Cytokines, interferons, and chemokines

Commins, Scott P.; Borish, Larry; Steinke, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.008

Cited by 388 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…The expression of both genes was also season-and time of day-dependent, but they responded differently to melatonin presence/absence and TG injection. First, the IL-18 gene appeared to be expressed constitutively (at least in the summer experiment), as was found in a previous study (Commins et al, 2010). Second, TG treatment affected the transcription of both cytokine genes only slightly, with the greatest effect observed in the LL MEL group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Signaling through cytokines is likely to play a major role in both the activation of innate immunity and the subsequent development of the adaptive response (Commins et al, 2010). The level of mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory interleukins-6 (IL-6) and -18 (IL-18), known to exert a broad spectrum of biological activities, was evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In innate immunity, IL-6 directs leukocyte trafficking and activation, induces the production of acute-phase proteins, and subsequently promotes T-cell proliferation, B-cell differentiation and survival. Unlike most cytokines, IL-18, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is constitutively expressed and performs an important role in cellular adherence (Commins et al, 2010). The upregulation of several cytokine and chemokine genes, including IL-6 and IL-18, was recently demonstrated in chicken peripheral blood leukocytes during stress (Shini et al, 2010), suggesting a role for these factors in the stimulation of leukocyte movement and the regulation of inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal and seasonal changes in IL-6 and IL-18 gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis: the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin

Turkowska¹,

Rai²,

Majewski³

et al. 2013

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal and seasonal changes in IL-6 and IL-18 gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis: the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin

Turkowska¹,

Rai²,

Majewski³

et al. 2013

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Additionally, we investigated the effect of the cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ). IFN-γ is fundamental for many aspects of the innate and adaptive immunity and it inhibits TH2-mediated response (11). Figure 1) and IL-13 (Figure 2) to the spheroids resulted in CBF decline of 17% (IL-4) and 21% (IL-13), respectively ( Table 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of TH2 cytokines and interferon gamma on beat frequency of human respiratory cilia

et al. 2016

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Background:In asthmatic airways secondary ciliary dyskinesia contributes to impaired mucociliary clearance. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we studied the effects of cytokines associated with asthma phenotype on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in a cell culture model of ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells. Methods: Nasal respiratory epithelial cells of 21 patients were used to prepare multicellular cells (spheroids) in the presence of the T helper (TH) 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and the TH1 cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ). CBF was determined by high-speed video microscopy. results: Addition of IL-4 and IL-13 and IL-4 + IL-13 decreased the mean CBF by 17, 21, and 22%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. Addition of IL-5 and IL-9 lead to an increase in mean CBF (20 and 10%, respectively). Lower concentrations of IFN-γ (0.1 and 1 ng/ml) decreased mean CBF and higher concentrations (10 ng/ml) increased CBF by 6%. Addition of IFN-γ to IL-13 reversed the effect of IL-13 on the CBF of spheroids. conclusion: Cytokines directly influence the ciliary function of respiratory epithelium and contribute to the impaired mucociliary clearance in asthmatic disease. Our study encourages further research to investigate IFN-γ as a treatment option in diseases with impaired mucociliary clearance like asthma.

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“…Cytokines are divided into three groups according to their functional direction a. cytokines involved in cytotoxic (antiviral and anticancer) humoral and cellular reactions (Th1 and Th17) b. cytokines involved in allergic reactions (Th2), c. cytokines participating in immunosuppressive and regulatory reactions (Treg) [12].…”

Section: Main Points About Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma and the Possibilities of Anti-Cytokine Therapy

Gb¹

2017

JLPRR

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Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com HT and IHD (comparison group) and 20 were healthy subjects. All patients signed informed consent before the study. The Protocol of the study was passed review and was approved by the local ethics Committee of our University. The presence of IgE was determined to tick and house dust allergens, as well as the combined allergens of grass pollen, trees, weeds and flowers, S. pneumon, H. influenzae, and N. rerflava. The following cytokines were investigated: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα. All patients were examined during disease exacerbation. The INFP and ATP were determined for each subject. The results of the study of CK levels and CK combinations, the so-called cytokine profile, indicate that they cannot be used for clinical diagnosis, including nosological diagnosis, the assessment of disease severity, and for selecting individual therapy, including anti-cytokine medications.The incredible heterogeneity of bronchial asthma (BA) is becoming more and more clear. More than 30 years ago, in 1977, we pointed out the existence of seven clinical and pathogenetic types of BA in patients, subsequently called the following phenotypes: infection-dependent, atopic, hormonal, neuropsychological, autoimmune, significant adrenergic imbalance, and primary bronchial hyperreactivity [1]. Individual methods of diagnosis and treatment were developed for each of these options, and the results of their testing have been repeatedly published. Subsequently, the phrase "primary bronchial hyperreactivity" was replaced with the idea of exercise-induced BA, peri-menstrual and aspirin-related clinical and pathogenetic types (phenotypes) of BA. The methods of individual diagnosis and treatment continued to improve and their efficacy continued to increase.Inhalation corticosteroids (ICS) are considered to be the most effective in the treatment of BA. However, in 5-10% of patients with BA, comprehensive treatment is ineffective even with the inclusion of ICS [2]. Although the percentage of patients resistant to ICS, is quite low, they make up 50% of the overall cost of treatment for patients with BA [3]. The insufficient treatment efficacy of existing methods for a group of patients with BA is a reason for examining the BA phenotypes and the endotypes that form them. Knowledge of the mechanisms (endotypes) that form the phenotypes creates the prospects for developing new treatment methods, which take into account the individual characteristics of BA in a particular patient. A cluster analysis of two large European cohorts identified two phenotypes. The first refers to patients with early onset allergic BA, while the second comprises mainly women with late onset disease, without atopy, and with a high body mass index [4].Seven parameters were selected to classify the endotypes in patients with BA after the cluster analysis: clinical characteristics, biomarkers, lung physiology, genetics, histopathology, epidemiology, and response to treatment. The following BA endotypes were proposed based o...

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Immunologic messenger molecules: Cytokines, interferons, and chemokines

Cited by 388 publications

References 168 publications

Diurnal and seasonal changes in <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-18</i> gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis: the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin

Diurnal and seasonal changes in <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-18</i> gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis: the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin

Effect of TH2 cytokines and interferon gamma on beat frequency of human respiratory cilia

The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma and the Possibilities of Anti-Cytokine Therapy

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