Diurnal and seasonal changes in &lt;i&gt;IL-6&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;IL-18&lt;/i&gt; gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis: the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin

Turkowska, Elzbieta; Rai, Seema; Majewski, Paweł; Skwarło-Sońta, Krystyna

doi:10.22358/jafs/66006/2013

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Short day induced decrease in superoxide production and phagocytosis can partly be explained by the observation of Turkowska et al 14 . In their earlier experiments, they found that particular immune responses were differently modified by continuous lighting conditions and melatonin supplementation in birds 43 . Melatonin is not the sole factor responsible for the seasonality in immunity and hence short day induced enhancement of immunity is not always the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Tripathi

2020

Sci Rep

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Objectives of the current work were to investigate the role of photoperiod and melatonin in the alteration of immune responses in a reptilian species. Animals were kept on a regimen of short or long days. Blood was obtained and leucocytes were isolated to study various innate immune responses. Lymphocytes were separated from blood by density gradient centrifugation and were used to study proliferation. Respiratory burst activity was measured through nitrobluetetrazolium reduction assay while nitric oxide production by leucocytes was assayed by nitrite assay. Lymphocytes were isolated and used to study proliferation with and without B and T cell mitogens. Photoperiodic manipulation acted differentially on leucocyte counts. Nitrite release was increased while superoxide production was decreased in cultures obtained from the snakes kept on the short day regimen. Significant enhancement of mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation was observed in cultures from the animals kept in either long or short days compared to cultures from the animals kept in natural ambient day length. Use of in vitro melatonin showed that lymphocytes from the animals, kept in long days, were more reactive. Photoperiod induces changes in immune status which may permit adaptive functional responses in order to maintain seasonal energetic budgets of the animals. Physiological responses (like elevated immune status) are energetically expensive, therefore, animals have evolved a strategy to reduce immune functions at times when energy is invested in reproductive activities. Natrix piscator breeds from September to December and elevated pineal hormone in winter suppresses reproduction while immunity is stimulated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Tripathi

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Melatonin is an indolamine primarily secreted by the pineal gland at night and suppressed by light during the day 27 . Melatonin is typically immunoenhancing in birds, as indicated by studies in Japanese quail 28 , jungle bush quail ( Perdicula asiatica 29,30 ) and chicken 31 . Partially-abolished diurnal rhythms in IL-6 and IL-18 mRNA expression under LL were restored by melatonin supplementation in chickens 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melatonin is typically immunoenhancing in birds, as indicated by studies in Japanese quail 28 , jungle bush quail ( Perdicula asiatica 29,30 ) and chicken 31 . Partially-abolished diurnal rhythms in IL-6 and IL-18 mRNA expression under LL were restored by melatonin supplementation in chickens 31 . On the other hand, stimulatory effects of melatonin on cellular and humoral immune response in quail are dependent on opioids 18 , while modulation of seasonal immunity in Indian tropical birds, Perdicula asiatica , involves an interaction between melatonin and sex steroids with melatonin enhancing and sex steroids suppressing immunity 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light at night disrupts diel patterns of cytokine gene expression and endocrine profiles in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

Mishra

Knerr

Stewart

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Increased exposure to light pollution perturbs physiological processes through misalignment of daily rhythms at the cellular and tissue levels. Effects of artificial light-at-night (ALAN) on diel properties of immunity are currently unknown. We therefore tested the effects of ALAN on diel patterns of cytokine gene expression, as well as key hormones involved with the regulation of immunity, in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Circulating melatonin and corticosterone, and mRNA expression levels of pro- (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were measured at six time points across 24-h day in brain (nidopallium, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) and peripheral tissues (liver, spleen, and fat) of zebra finches exposed to 12 h light:12 h darkness (LD), dim light-at-night (DLAN) or constant bright light (LLbright). Melatonin and corticosterone concentrations were significantly rhythmic under LD, but not under LLbright and DLAN. Genes coding for cytokines showed tissue-specific diurnal rhythms under LD and were lost with exposure to LLbright, except IL-6 in hypothalamus and liver. In comparison to LLbright, effects of DLAN were less adverse with persistence of some diurnal rhythms, albeit with significant waveform alterations. These results underscore the circadian regulation of biosynthesis of immune effectors and imply the susceptibility of daily immune and endocrine patterns to ALAN.

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“…Furthermore, IL-6 was also reported to represent a general index responsive to acute stress in poultry. Specific studies have highlighted the ability of illumination to influence the levels of IL-6 and other cytokines, as an effect of changes in circulating melatonin levels [ 27 ]. This assumption therefore supports the hypothesis that experimental lighting programs, based on the use of different shades of LED light, did not induce variations in the synthesis and release of this hormone compared to the group of animals raised with standard lighting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different shades of light-emitting diode on fecal microbiota and gut health in broiler chickens

et al. 2022

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Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota of broiler chickens reared in the presence of different shades of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, correlating this information with biochemical and molecular evidence that allowed drawing conclusions on the state of health of the animals.Methods: Overall, the metagenomic approach on fecal samples was associated with evaluations on enzymes involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress: glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase and catalase; while the inflammatory aspect was studied through the dosage of a proinflammatory cytokine, the interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the evaluation of the matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9). Specifically, analysis was performed on distinct groups of chickens respectively raised in the presence of neutral (K = 3,300 to 3,700), cool (K = 5,500 to 6,000), and warm (K = 3,000 to 2,500) LED lightings, and a direct comparison was performed with animals reared with traditional neon lights.Results: The metagenomic analysis highlighted the presence of two most abundant bacterial phyla, the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes, with the latter characterized by a greater relative abundance (p<0.05) in the group of animals reared with Neutral LED light. The analysis on the enzymes involved in the antioxidant response showed an effect of the LED light, regardless of the applied shade, of reducing the expression of GPX (p<0.01), although this parameter is not correlated to an effective reduction in the tissue amount of the enzyme. Regarding the inflammatory state, no differences associated with IL-6 and MMP-9 were found; however, is noteworthy the significant reduction of MMP-2 activity in tissue samples obtained from animals subjected to illumination with neutral LED light.Conclusion: This evidence, combined with the metagenomic findings, supports a potential positive effect of neutral LED lighting on animal welfare, although these considerations must be reflected in more targeted biochemical evaluations.

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Diurnal and seasonal changes in <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-18</i> gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis: the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator

Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator

Light at night disrupts diel patterns of cytokine gene expression and endocrine profiles in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

Impact of different shades of light-emitting diode on fecal microbiota and gut health in broiler chickens

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