Immunologic and clinicopathologic evaluation of adult dogs inoculated with Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Szabo, James; Shadduck, John A.

doi:10.1128/jcm.26.3.557-563.1988

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The most used ways of infection were performed per orally and per rectum in mice and rabbits. Infectious spores were also administered intranasally, intratracheally, intravenously and intraperitoneally (Cox et al., 1979; Szabo and Shadduck, 1998). Infectious signs are expressed after different period of time (Kotler and Orenstein, 1998) and incubation period depends mainly on the mode of infection (Canning et al., 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Manifestation of Encephalitozoonosis in Mice after Experimental Infection with Different Species and Application of Dexamethasone

Herich

Levkutová

Kokinčáková

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Twenty-eight BALB/c mice were infected with different strains of Encephalitozoon species (Encephalitozoon cuniculi II - mouse type, E. cuniculi III - dog type, Encephalitozoon hellem, Encephalitozoon intestinalis). Five of them were infected with E. cuniculi II (mouse type) and simultaneously immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. Clinical signs of encephalitozoonosis were not remarkable. Ascites was found in two mice of dexamethasone-treated group 14 days post-infection (p.i.). The histopathological changes were found mainly in spleen and liver in the form of lymphoepithelioid granuloma. Spores were found in faeces since day 14 p.i. and visualized by Calcoflour White M2R. After cultivation on cellular cultures (VERO E6 - monkey kidney cells, RK-13 - rabbit kidney fibroblasts), the species differentiation was performed by PCR using panmicrosporidial primers (PMP1, PMP2) and specific primers (ECUN-F, ECUN-R, V1, SI-500). The differences were recorded in the immune response of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. At day 60 p.i., the titres of specific antibodies measured by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test were lower (1:4096) in dexamethasone-treated mice when compared with non-immunosuppressed animals (1:8196). The significant increases of antibody titres were recorded in particular infected groups within the experiment (P < 0.01 between day 14 p.i. and day 30 p.i., P < 0.001 between day 14 p.i. and day 60 p.i.). Experimental encephalitozoonosis in non-immunosuppressed and immunosuppressed mice provides a useful model for the study of immune response and lesions associated with these protozoans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Manifestation of Encephalitozoonosis in Mice after Experimental Infection with Different Species and Application of Dexamethasone

Herich

Levkutová

Kokinčáková

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…Clinical signs in naturally infected dogs include encephalitis, vasculitis, blindness, renal disease, and high mortality [55][56][57][58]. These clinical forms are associated with transplacental transmission of E. cuniculi in dogs; however, the infection usually remains subclinical if acquired after birth [59,60]. Recently, de Boer et al [61] evaluated the presence of E. cuniculi in a group of 16 young dogs (<3 years) with neurological signs, showing this parasite is most likely of limited clinical significance in young dogs.…”

Section: Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals

Santaniello

Cimmino²,

Dipineto

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The involvement of animals for therapeutic purposes has very ancient roots. To date, it is clear that animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), in addition to ensuring the replacement of missing or deficient affects, improves psychophysiological parameters connected to human health. However, AAI could potentially present risks related to the transmission of infectious agents from animals to humans. Among these microorganisms, E. cuniculi is a microspore which induces pathological effects (fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathlessness, respiratory symptoms, and weakness) in both humans and animals. Consequently, an accurate and fast diagnosis of E. cuniculi infection, as well as the identification of new diagnostic approaches, is of fundamental importance. This literature review was carried out to provide an extensive and comprehensive analysis of the most recent diagnostic techniques to prevent and care for E. cuniculi-associated risks in the AAI field.

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“…In both an American ( 11 ) and a Japanese population ( 12 ) of dogs, the seroprevalence for E. cuniculi was 21%. It has been suggested that adult dogs do not develop clinical disease after infection with E. cuniculi , because they are believed to be immunocompetent ( 13 ), but this does not apply to young dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Encephalitozoon cuniculi of Significance in Young Dogs With Neurological Signs?

2021

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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidium belonging to the phylum Microspora. A few reports have described the clinical significance of E. cuniculi infection in young dogs. In American and Japanese household dog populations, the seroprevalence was found to be 21%, indicating its wide-spread existence. To evaluate the clinical significance of E. cuniculi in a cohort of young dogs with neurological signs, the presence of the organism and possible response to treatment were studied. Over a 1-year period, all young dogs (<3 years old) that were referred with neurological signs were examined for the presence of E. cuniculi. Dogs were selected if serology revealed a clearly elevated IgM titer (>100) and/or if an EDTA-blood sample and/or urine sample tested positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sixteen dogs with various neurological signs were included in this study. Additional work-up included magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, but these revealed no abnormalities or indication of infection. All dogs were treated with fenbendazole for 10–30 days. Neurological signs disappeared completely in five dogs, 11 dogs continued to show neurological signs, and five dogs deteriorated and were euthanized, after which necropsy was performed in three. At necropsy no evidence of an E. cuniculi infection was found. We concluded that, although IgM titers and PCR indicated an E. cuniculi infection, it is most likely of limited clinical significance in young dogs.

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Immunologic and clinicopathologic evaluation of adult dogs inoculated with Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Diagnosis and Manifestation of Encephalitozoonosis in Mice after Experimental Infection with Different Species and Application of Dexamethasone

Diagnosis and Manifestation of Encephalitozoonosis in Mice after Experimental Infection with Different Species and Application of Dexamethasone

Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals

Is Encephalitozoon cuniculi of Significance in Young Dogs With Neurological Signs?

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