Immunoinformatics driven construction of multi-epitope vaccine candidate against <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> using its entire immunogenic epitopes

Kaur, Rimanpreet; Arora, Naina; Rawat, Suraj Singh; Keshri, Anand Kumar; Singh, Neha; Show, Sumit Kumar; Kumar, Pramod; Mishra, Amit; Prasad, Amit

doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1974298

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These epitopes were further linked together by using GPGPG linkers wherever needed, which stabilized the peptides and increased the viability of resultant proteins. Adding linkers to construct a vaccine is a common practice 33,66,67 . Thus, the final putative vaccine candidate constructed comprised of 232 amino acids and 23.82 kDa molecular weight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach

Kaur,

Arora,

Rawat

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Metacestode, the larva of Taenia solium, is the causative agent for neurocysticercosis (NCC), which causes epilepsy. The unavailability of a vaccine against human NCC is a major cause for its widespread prevalence across the globe. Therefore, the development of a reliable vaccine against NCC is the need of the hour. Employing a combination of proteomics and immunoinformatics, we endeavored to formulate a vaccine candidate. The immune reactive cyst fluid antigens of T. solium were identified by immune‐blotting two‐dimensional gels with NCC patient's sera, followed by Matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐ionization analysis. We performed a detailed proteomic study of these immune reactive proteins by utilizing immune‐informatics tools, identified the nontoxic, nonallergic, B‐cell epitopes, and collected epitopes with the least sequence homology with human and other Taenia species. These epitopes were joined through linkers to construct a multiepitope vaccine. Different physiochemical parameters such as molecular weight (23.82 kDa), instability (39.91), and aliphatic index (49.61) were calculated to ensure the stability of the linked peptides vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated stable interactions with different immune receptors like Toll‐like receptor 4 and IgG confirming that it will effectively stimulate the host immune response. We anticipate that our designed B‐cell linear epitope‐based vaccine will show promising results in in vitro and in vivo assays. This study provides a platform that would be useful to develop other suitable vaccine candidates to prevent helminthic neglected tropical diseases in near future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach

Kaur,

Arora,

Rawat

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Peptide-based vaccines have vital benefits such as safety, lower expenses, and high efficiency [ 31 ]. However, creating a reliable peptide vaccine has difficulties, such as the reduced innate immunogenicity of each epitope [ 32 ]. Additionally, generating a single-epitope peptide vaccine against HTLV-1 might result in inadequate immune reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

et al. 2023

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The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the delta retrovirus family. As a result, a vaccine candidate that can be recognized by B cells and T cells is a good candidate for generating a durable immune response. Further, the GPEHT protein is a multi-epitope protein designed based on the Gag, Pol, Env, Hbz, and Tax proteins of HTLV-1. In developing a suitable and effective vaccine against HTLV-1, the selection of a designed protein (GPEHT) with the formulation of an alum adjuvant was conducted. In this study, we assessed the potential of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate for stimulating the immune response against HTLV-1. In assessing the type of stimulated immune reaction, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes, as well as the cytokines associated with Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), and Th17 (IL-17), were analyzed. The outcomes showed that the particular antisera (total IgG) were more elevated in mice that received the GPEHT protein with the alum adjuvant than those in the PBS+Alum control. A subcutaneous vaccination with our chimera protein promoted high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes. Additionally, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 levels were significantly increased after spleen cell stimulation in mice that received the GPEHT protein. The immunogenic analyses revealed that the GPEHT vaccine candidate could generate humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions. Ultimately, this study suggests that GPEHT proteins developed with an alum adjuvant can soon be considered as a prospective vaccine to more accurately evaluate their protective efficacy against HTLV-1.

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“…The workflow applied in this study allows the testing of all the proteins predicted from a genome analysis, without automatically excluding non-secreted proteins. In a recent study, an A. lumbricoides multi-epitope vaccine candidate was developed using in silico methodology and proteins were selected based on their binding to the HLA-DRB1 * 07:01 and HLA-DRB1 * 15:01 MHC-II alleles ( 51 ). Although these MHC-II alleles are known to recognize Ascaris antigens in humans, they only cover up to 15% of the human population in areas where human ascariasis is endemic ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reverse vaccinology approach identifies putative vaccination targets in the zoonotic nematode Ascaris

Evangelista

Vliet²,

Lawton³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Ascariasis is the most prevalent helminthic disease affecting both humans and pigs and is caused by the roundworms Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum. While preventive chemotherapy continues to be the most common control method, recent reports of anthelminthic resistance highlight the need for development of a vaccine against ascariasis. The aim of this study was to use a reverse vaccinology approach to identify potential vaccine candidates for Ascaris. Three Ascaris proteomes predicted from whole-genome sequences were analyzed. Candidate proteins were identified using open-access bioinformatic tools (e.g., Vacceed, VaxiJen, Bepipred 2.0) which test for different characteristics such as sub-cellular location, T-cell and B-cell molecular binding, antigenicity, allergenicity and phylogenetic relationship with other nematode proteins. From over 100,000 protein sequences analyzed, four transmembrane proteins were predicted to be non-allergen antigens and potential vaccine candidates. The four proteins are a Piezo protein, two voltage-dependent calcium channels and a protocadherin-like protein, are all expressed in either the muscle or ovaries of both Ascaris species, and all contained high affinity epitopes for T-cells and B-cells. The use of a reverse vaccinology approach allowed the prediction of four new potential vaccination targets against ascariasis in humans and pigs. These targets can now be further tested in in vitro and in vivo assays to prove efficacy in both pigs and humans.

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Immunoinformatics driven construction of multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Ascaris lumbricoides using its entire immunogenic epitopes

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach

Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

A reverse vaccinology approach identifies putative vaccination targets in the zoonotic nematode Ascaris

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