A reverse vaccinology approach identifies putative vaccination targets in the zoonotic nematode Ascaris

Evangelista, Francisco; Vliet, Arnoud H. M. van; Lawton, Scott P; Betson, Martha

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1014198

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The four proteins were expressed in ovaries or muscles of Ascaris. Additionally, they showed high affinity epitopes for B-cells and T-cells [54] .…”

Section: Potential Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Diab

Younis²

2022

Parasitologists United Journal

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Schistosoma spp.Host-parasite interaction: One mystery concerning the intra-mammalian life of Schistosoma adults is its adaptation to the anaerobic glucose metabolism and lactate production. This was explained lately by the presence of Schistosoma aquaporins that are membrane-bound proteins for water transport. Aquaporins capability to transport lactate across the cell membrane was also elucidated thus solving the mystery in Schistosoma adaptation and survival [2] . Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers:Several micro RNA (miRNA) types were isolated from sera of patients with schistosomiasis, e.g. miR-124-3p, Bantam miRNA, miR-2C-3p, miR-3488 and miR2a-5p. Since miRNAs are secreted from Schistosoma extracellular vesicles, they are considered diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring [3,4] . In 2022, advances in bioinformatics held a revolution in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Genomic datasets of S. haematobium and S. japonicum allowed the investigators to compare between both genomes utilizing gene ontology. Notably, the latter is a bioinformatics approach unifying genetic representation across a species followed by further in silico identification of identical proteins. Accordingly, distinct S. japonicum genes were demonstrated and enlisted as potential diagnostic markers for infection by Asian schistosomiasis [5] . Additionally, a study carried out in Nigeria demonstrated the role of bioinformatics in the design of S. haematobium diagnostic kit depending on in silico determination of high immunogenic Schistosoma proteins [6] . Identification of drug targets and vaccine candidates:Based on advances in schistosome genomics, a family of promising schistosome vaccine antigens were suggested. The best vaccine candidates identified against schistosomiasis are protein molecules expressed on the tegument surface or secreted by schistosomula such as Sm29, and Sm-p80 that attracted much attention. Notably, Sm29 is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)anchored protein on Schistosoma tegument and the recombinant Sm29 vaccine exhibited Th1 immunity induction, and ~50% pathology reduction [7] . Besides, Sm-p80 is a subunit of the tegument cysteine protease, calpain that plays a crucial role in immune evasion. The recombinant Sm-p80 proved to be a promising vaccine candidate that achieved 80% improvement in liver pathology and a prominent Th1 response [8] . In addition to its role as a druggable molecule, investigating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis was elucidated by omics and bioinformatics. Accordingly, two isoforms of AChE were identified in S. mansoni. The first was incorporated in the muscle layer to interact with heparin, i.e., a drug target. The other was GPIanchored to the surface membrane, i.e., a potential vaccine candidate [9] .

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“…The four proteins were expressed in ovaries or muscles of Ascaris. Additionally, they showed high affinity epitopes for B-cells and T-cells [54] .…”

Section: Potential Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another recent study [54] , a reverse vaccine approach was used to predict new potential vaccine candidates. In this context, bioinformatics analysis of three Ascaris proteomes, chosen from the whole-genome sequences, identified candidate proteins.…”

Section: Potential Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Diab

Younis²

2022

Parasitologists United Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An emerging area of research is the use of reverse in silico approaches to predict putative immunogenic proteins for diagnostic/vaccine development [100]. A similar approach was recently applied to predict 34 immunogenic proteins from S. stercoralis proteomics data that hold potential as novel vaccines or diagnostic biomarker candidates [101].…”

Section: Strongyloides Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Strongyloides omics data: bridging the gap with Caenorhabditis elegans

Al-Jawabreh,

Lastik,

McKenzie

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Among nematodes, the free-living model organismCaenorhabditis elegansboasts the most advanced portfolio of high-quality omics data. The resources available for parasitic nematodes, includingStrongyloidesspp., however, are lagging behind. WhileC. elegansremains the most tractable nematode and has significantly advanced our understanding of many facets of nematode biology,C. elegansis not suitable as a surrogate system for the study of parasitism and it is important that we improve the omics resources available for parasitic nematode species. Here, we review the omics data available forStrongyloidesspp.and compare the available resources to those forC. elegansand other parasitic nematodes. The advancements inC. elegansomics offer a blueprint for improving omics-led research inStrongyloides. We suggest areas of priority for future research that will pave the way for expansions in omics resources and technologies.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations’.

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“…One of the most important helminthic diseases and one of the most common helminthic diseases is ascariasis, which can affect both humans and pigs (24).…”

Section: Helminthesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Science of Parasitology Simply for the General Public

Ghorbani

Garedaghi

2023

Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci

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Every year, millions of people in the world are infected with parasitic diseases, and the main conflict with parasitic diseases is in countries with hot and humid climates and low levels of hygiene. Parasites can damage human and animal communities in different ways, and these damages can be highly extensive. Parasites exist in microscopic and macroscopic forms, which are transmitted to humans and animals through different ways, including water, food, or insect bites. Controlling and examining the transmission ways of parasites is the most important way to prevent parasitic diseases. Although these control programs are being implemented today, one of the extremely important points in controlling parasites is that parasites are eukaryotic organisms, and treatment and control of these organisms is much more difficult compared to prokaryotic organisms. Accordingly, increasing public knowledge is the best way to deal with parasites.

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A reverse vaccinology approach identifies putative vaccination targets in the zoonotic nematode Ascaris

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Advancing Strongyloides omics data: bridging the gap with Caenorhabditis elegans

An Overview of the Science of Parasitology Simply for the General Public

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