Immunohistochemical Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers.

Hori, Aiko; Ishihara, Akihiko; Kobayashi, Shígeo; Ibata, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1267/ahc.31.375

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…More than 75% of the normal soleus muscles of rats is composed of type I fibers 18,19) . This value increases with age and changes under varying procedures 20,21) . A decrease in muscle activity generally facilitates the transformation of fiber t y p e , f r o m t h e s l o w t o f a s t m u s c l e f i b e r composition 20) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Denervation and Subsequent Reinnervation on the Morphology of Rat Soleus Muscles.

et al. 2002

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Abstract.To investigate the effect of denervation and subsequent reinnervation on skeletal muscle, a histochemical study was performed on the soleus muscles of rats. Partial denervation was carried out by freezing the sciatic nerve locally, and the change in the nerve and the soleus muscles was examined for 5 weeks. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the denervated soleus muscles progressively declined to a minimum 2 weeks after the injury (type I fibers, 1209.1 ± 248.3 µm 2 ; type II fibers, 802.4 ± 126.8 µm 2 ) and began to reverse the decline at 3 weeks. The type II fiber ratios to total fiber of the denervated sides were consistently higher than the control levels, and muscle fibers stained in both acid preincubation and alkaline preincubation were observed. The proportion of type II fibers in the soleus muscles showed an increase and consequently a decrease with a short delay in response to denervation and consequent reinnervation. These data suggest that denervation elicits an alteration in fiber type composition and a reduction in fiber size. The increase of type II fibers seemed to occur in hybrid fibers containing both myosin heavy chains I and II at varying ratios in the same fibers. The reinnervation took the crucial role of recovering from atrophy and composing the integrity of the soleus muscles. However, the ability to generate muscle tension needs a much longer time to recover. This suggests a need to investigate interventions to facilitate the functional recovery of partially-denervated muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Denervation and Subsequent Reinnervation on the Morphology of Rat Soleus Muscles.

et al. 2002

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“…The functional roles of these four isoforms have been clarified. Therefore, the functions of muscles can be elucidated by determining the composition of these four isoforms (1,5,6,10,16,19,23,28) (Table 1). In this study, we examined MyHC-perinatal to determine speed of differentiation of myoblasts, and MyHC-2b, 2d, 2a and 1 to ascertain muscle cell characteristics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stretching stimulation with different rates on the expression of MyHC mRNA in mouse cultured myoblasts

et al. 2007

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In vivo studies have shown that changes in the characteristics of skeletal muscle fiber are determined by type of exercise or training. These earlier studies on mechanical stimulation, however, have all employed stimulation applied at a constant intensity, and no studies appear to have investigated change with variation of intensity of stimulation. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and differentiation of myoblasts stretched at different rates. Myoblasts were stimulated at 3 different rates, and the numbers of cells and nuclei on days 1, 3, and 5 were compared. The myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNA expression level was also compared. We investigated expression of MyHC-perinatal to determine speed of differentiation of myoblasts, and expression of MyHC2b, 2d, and 2a to ascertain muscle cell characteristics. Counting cells and nuclei of myoblasts revealed clear promotion of differentiation with stretching. With rapid stretching, expression of MyHC-perinatal was high at first, but then showed a decrease. In terms of effect on muscle fiber characteristics, MyHC-2b, MyHC-2d, and MyHC-2a were high with rapid, medium, and slow stretching, respectively. This indicated that myoblast differentiation was promoted regardless of difference in stretching speed, with the myoblasts acquiring the muscle-fiber characteristics appropriate to each rate of stretching.Exercise and training are known to bring about changes in the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers (26,27). Numerous studies of the human (2,3,4,12,13,17,20,24) have shown that skeletal muscle fiber characteristics change depending on the mode of exercise. Anaerobic exercise facilitates increases in fast-twitch muscle, while aerobic exercise facilitates increases in slow-twitch muscle. Studies using rats have reported that long-term low-intensity exercise increases slow-twitch muscle and decreases fast-twitch muscle (9,15). In this manner, in vivo studies in the rat and the human have shown that exercise changes muscle fiber characteristics. From the perspective of stress, severing a nerve controlling skeletal muscle not only decreases muscle weight, but also changes muscle fiber characteristics (7,14). Studies in which muscle blood flow was regulated using devices such as a tourniquet have shown that even low-intensity training caused marked muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle force (25). However, few in vitro studies have been conducted to support and clarify these findings. In vitro studies have attempted to ascertain the effects of exercise and training by applying different stimuli. The first study (18) removed cells from rat hindlimb and soleus muscle and applied electrical stimuli via a culture solution to measure expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. In the second study (11), osteoblasts were compressed using glass boards to ascertain morphological and bio-

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“…In mammals, the fibers of the skeletal muscle are usually classified in type I and type II fiber according to the different activities of the myosin ATPase after the pre-incubation in different pHs, and the type II fibers can be subclassified in IIA, IIX/D and IIB. The type II fibers are characterized as being fast twitch with predominance of glycolytic metabolism, while the type I fibers are slow twitch ones with predominance of oxidative metabolism 11,30 . There is a lot of evidence in the literature shows that the skeletal muscle of hypertensive individuals, as well as of SHR, contains higher percentage of type II fast twitch, glycolytic fibers compared with their normotensive control [7][8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O treinamento físico aeróbio corrige a rarefação capilar e as alterações nas proporções dos tipos de fibra muscular esquelética em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos

Fernandes

Roque

Magalhães

et al. 2012

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Aerobic exercise training (ET) has been established as an important non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension, since it decreases blood pressure. Studies show that the skeletal muscle abnormalities in hypertension are directly associated with capillary rarefaction, higher percentage of fast-twitch fibers (type II) with glycolytic metabolism predominance and increased muscular fatigue. However, little is known about these parameters in hypertension induced by ET. We hypothesized that ET corrects capillary rarefaction, potentially contributing to the restoration of the proportion of muscle fiber types and metabolic proprieties. Twelve-week old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, n=14) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n=14) were randomly assigned into 4 groups: SHR, trained SHR (SHR-T), WKY and trained WKY (WKY-T). As expected, ten weeks of ET was effective in reducing blood pressure in SHR-T group. In addition, we analyzed the main markers of ET. Resting bradycardia, increase of exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake and citrate synthase enzyme activity in trained groups (WKY-T and SHR-T) showed that the aerobic condition was achieved. ET also corrected the skeletal muscle capillary rarefaction in SHR-T. In parallel, we observed reduction in percentage of type IIA and IIX fibers and simultaneous augmented percentage of type I fibers induced by ET in hypertension. These data suggest that ET prevented changes in soleus fiber type composition in SHR, since angiogenesis and oxidative enzyme activity increased are important adaptations of ET, acting in the maintenance of muscle oxidative metabolism and fiber profile.

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Immunohistochemical Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers.

Cited by 36 publications

References 95 publications

The Effect of Denervation and Subsequent Reinnervation on the Morphology of Rat Soleus Muscles.

The Effect of Denervation and Subsequent Reinnervation on the Morphology of Rat Soleus Muscles.

Effects of stretching stimulation with different rates on the expression of MyHC mRNA in mouse cultured myoblasts

O treinamento físico aeróbio corrige a rarefação capilar e as alterações nas proporções dos tipos de fibra muscular esquelética em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos

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