Immunohistochemical Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Porcine mammary Gland

Franke-Radowiecka, Amelia; Wąsowicz, Krzysztof; Klimczuk, Magdalena; Podlasz, Piotr; Załęcki, Michał; Sienkiewicz, Waldemar

doi:10.1111/ahe.12169

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The present results indicate that a part of FB + /DβH + small- and large-sized SChG neurons has been found co-localized with VIP. This kind of co-localization was earlier observed in neurons of porcine SChG [ 67 ] projecting to the mammary gland [ 54 ], urinary bladder [ 26 , 27 ] and extrinsic penile smooth musculature [ 59 ]. Moreover, in the present work, VIP was also present sporadically in the non-adrenergic small-sized neurons (only in the sacral SChG) supplying skin of the porcine hindlimb, which could be a marker of cholinergic sympathetic neurons [ 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The moderate number of FB + /DβH + small- and large-sized SChG neurons was found to stain SOM. SOM has been previously found co-expressed of NA markers in neurons of the porcine SChG supplying the mammary gland [ 54 ], urinary bladder [ 26 , 27 ] and ovary [ 23 ]. A small proportion of FB+ small-sized neurons immunoreactive for SOM were non-adrenergic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Skin of the Porcine Hindlimb

Kozłowska

Mikołajczyk

Majewski

2017

IJMS

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Abstract:It is generally known that in the skin sympathetic fibers innervate various dermal structures, including sweat glands, blood vessels, arrectores pilorum muscles and hair follicles. However, there is a lack of data about the distribution and chemical phenotyping of the sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons projecting to the skin of the pig, a model that is physiologically and anatomically very representative for humans. Thus, the present study was designed to establish the origin of the sympathetic fibers supplying the porcine skin of the hind leg, and the pattern(s) of putative co-incidence of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), somatostatin (SOM), neuronal nitric oxide synthase, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), leu5-enkephalin and galanin (GAL) using combined retrograde tracing and double-labeling immunohistochemistry. The Fast Blue-positive neurons were found in the L 2 -S 2 ganglia. Most of them were small-sized and contained DβH with PACAP, SOM, NPY or GAL. The findings of the present study provide a detailed description of the distribution and chemical coding of the SChG neurons projecting to the skin of the porcine hind leg. Such data may be the basis for further studies concerning the plasticity of these ganglia under experimental or pathological conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Skin of the Porcine Hindlimb

Kozłowska

Mikołajczyk

Majewski

2017

IJMS

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“…In the case of liver, the influence of β ‐EP neurons on the immune systems in the tumor microenvironment might have been mediated via the direct communication between the hypothalamus and the liver as well as via the communication between the hypothalamus and the lymphoid organs. Similar mechanism may also exist in case of mammary gland, since mammary gland receives neural input from the hypothalamus (Franke‐Radowiecka et al., in press) and contains a large amount of lymphatic vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Inhibition of Mammary Cancer Progression in Fetal Alcohol Exposed Rats by β‐Endorphin Neurons

Zhang

Franklin

Sarkar

2016

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) increases the susceptibility to carcinogen-induced mammary cancer progression in rodent models. Fetal alcohol exposer also have decreased β-endorphin (β-EP) level and caused hyperstress response, which leads to inhibition of immune function against cancer. Previous studies have shown that injection of nanosphere-attached dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) into the 3rd ventricle increases the number of BEP neurons in the hypothalamus. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of stress regulation using methods to increase hypothalamic levels of β-EP, a neuropeptide that inhibits stress axis activity, in treatment of carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in fetal alcohol exposed rats. Methods Fetal alcohol-exposed and control Sprague Dawley rats were given a dose of N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) at postnatal day 50 to induce mammary cancer growth. Upon detection of mammary tumors, the animals were either transplanted with β-EP neurons or injected with dbcAMP-delivering nanospheres into the hypothalamus to increase β-EP peptide production. Spleen cytokines were detected using RT-PCR assays. Metastasis study was done by injecting mammary cancer cells MADB106 into jugular vein of β-EP-activated or control fetal alcohol exposed animals. Results Both transplantation of β-EP neurons and injection of dbcAMP-delivering nanospheres inhibited MNU-induced mammary cancer growth in control rats, and reversed the effect of fetal alcohol exposure on the susceptibility to mammary cancer. Similar to the previously reported immune-enhancing and stress-suppressive effects of β-EP transplantation, injection of dbcAMP-delivering nanospheres increased the levels of interferon-γ and granzyme B and decreased the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in fetal alcohol exposed rats. Mammary cancer cell metastasis study also showed that fetal alcohol exposure increased incidence of lung tumor retention, while β-EP transplantation inhibited lung tumor growth in both normal and fetal alcohol exposed rats. Conclusions Our results suggest that increase of β-EP production in the hypothalamus may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating the cancer growth in patients with chronic stress and compromised immune function, such as the patients with fetal alcohol exposure.

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“…Forming internal genital organs were dissected, cut on the 12‐μm‐thick cryostat sections and were processed for single‐ or double‐labelling immunofluorescence as described earlier (Klimczuk et al. ; Franke‐Radowiecka, ; Zalecki, ; Franke‐Radowiecka et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foetuses were fixed by immersion in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (pH 7.4; F1 -1 h, F2 -2 h; F3 -4 h), rinsed with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4; overnight, on the fridge) and transferred into 18% buffered sucrose solution (pH 7.4), where they were stored until further processing. Forming internal genital organs were dissected, cut on the 12-lm-thick cryostat sections and were processed for single-or double-labelling immunofluorescence as described earlier (Klimczuk et al 2005;Franke-Radowiecka, 2011;Zalecki, 2012;Franke-Radowiecka et al 2016). The sections were labelled using antibodies against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DbH), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), cholinergic marker (CGRP) and substance P (SP) listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of internal female genital organs in the pig during prenatal development

et al. 2019

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This study investigated the innervation of internal genital organs in 5‐, 7‐ and 10‐week‐old female pig foetuses using single and double‐labelling immunofluorescence methods. The structure and topography of the organs was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The investigations revealed differences in the innervation between the three developmental periods. Immunostaining for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP; general neural marker) disclosed solitary nerve fibres in the external part of the gonadal ridge and just outside of the mesenchyme surrounding mesonephric ducts in 5‐week‐old foetuses. Double‐labelling immunohistochemistry revealed that nerve fibres associated with the ridge expressed dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DβH; adrenergic marker) or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; cholinergic marker). In 7‐week‐old foetuses, the PGP‐positive nerve terminals were absent from the gonad but some of them ran outside and along, and sometimes penetrated into the mesenchyme surrounding the tubal and uterine segments of the paramesonephric ducts and uterovaginal canal. Few axons penetrated into the mesenchyme. DβH‐positive fibres were found in single nerve strands or bundles distributed at the edge of the mesenchyme. VAChT‐positive nerve terminals formed delicate bundles located at the edge of the mesenchyme, and the single nerves penetrated into the mesenchyme. DβH was also expressed by neurons which formed cell clusters comprising also DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres. In 10‐week‐old foetuses, PGP‐positive nerve fibres were still absent from the ovary but some were distributed in the mesenchyme associated with the uterovaginal canal and uterine and a tubal segment of the paramesonephric ducts, respectively. DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres were distributed at the periphery of the mesenchyme associated with the uterovaginal canal. Some DβH‐ and many VAChT‐positive nerve fibres were evenly distributed throughout the mesenchyme. The clusters of nerve cells comprised DβH‐positive perikarya and DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres. The investigations revealed no DβH/VAChT‐positive nerve fibres or neurons as well as no nerve structures stained for calcitonin gene‐related peptide and/or substance P (sensory markers) associated with the genital organs in the studied prenatal periods.

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Immunohistochemical Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Porcine mammary Gland

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Detailed Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Skin of the Porcine Hindlimb

Detailed Characterization of Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (SChG) Neurons Supplying the Skin of the Porcine Hindlimb

Inhibition of Mammary Cancer Progression in Fetal Alcohol Exposed Rats by β‐Endorphin Neurons

Innervation of internal female genital organs in the pig during prenatal development

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