Immunoglobulins in Ranid Frogs and Tadpoles

Steiner, Lisa A.; Mikoryak, Carole; Lopes, Aaron; Green, C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3261-9_18

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Treatment of stock fish with immunostimulants such as β-glucans (and other substances with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)) commonly induce activation of innate immune mechanisms and higher disease resistance, suggesting fish have the ability to develop acquired immune memory [67]. Early work in frogs also identified their ability to develop immunological memory through the hypermutation of Ig genes, which was even observed in tadpoles [68,69]. Furthermore, studies in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, have shown they are able to produce an IgM response following immunization, a highly antigen-specific immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) response, and a memory response consisting of both IgM and IgNAR isotypes [70].…”

Section: Immune Memory In Lower Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunological memory: from plants to animals

Sharrock

Sun

2020

Current Opinion in Immunology

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Immunological memory is defined by the ability of the host to recognise and mount a robust secondary response against a previously encountered pathogen. Classic immune memory is an evolutionary adaptation of the vertebrate immune system that has been attributed to adaptive lymphocytes, including T and B cells. In contrast, the innate immune system was known for its conserved, non-specific roles in rapid host defence, but historically was considered to be unable to generate memory. Recent studies have challenged our understanding of innate immunity and now provide a growing body of evidence for innate immune memory. However, in many species and in various cell types the underlying mechanisms of immune memory formation remain poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to explore and summarize the emerging evidence for immunological "memory" in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates.

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Section: Immune Memory In Lower Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunological memory: from plants to animals

Sharrock

Sun

2020

Current Opinion in Immunology

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“…Today there are three extant amphibian orders; the Caudata (newts and salamanders), Anura (frogs and toads) and Gymnophiona (the limbless caecilians). The clawed frogs of the genus Xenopus are currently the best studied model for understanding amphibian immunity; Igs were first found in the serum of frogs and tadpoles over 40 years ago [ 90 , 91 ] however it was only with the sequencing of the Xenopus genome that the presence of five heavy chain isotypes; IgM (μ), IgD (δ), IgX (χ), IgY (ν) and IgF (ϕ) [ 77 ], and three light chain isotypes; κ, λ and σ [ 18 , 92 ], was finally confirmed ( Figure 1 ). Both the heavy and light chain genes are found in the translocon structure in amphibians [ 22 , 77 , 92 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunoglobulins of Cold-Blooded Vertebrates

Pettinello

Dooley

2014

Biomolecules

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Although lymphocyte-like cells secreting somatically-recombining receptors have been identified in the jawless fishes (hagfish and lamprey), the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, skates, rays and chimaera) are the most phylogenetically distant group relative to mammals in which bona fide immunoglobulins (Igs) have been found. Studies of the antibodies and humoral immune responses of cartilaginous fishes and other cold-blooded vertebrates (bony fishes, amphibians and reptiles) are not only revealing information about the emergence and roles of the different Ig heavy and light chain isotypes, but also the evolution of specialised adaptive features such as isotype switching, somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. It is becoming increasingly apparent that while the adaptive immune response in these vertebrate lineages arose a long time ago, it is most definitely not primitive and has evolved to become complex and sophisticated. This review will summarise what is currently known about the immunoglobulins of cold-blooded vertebrates and highlight the differences, and commonalities, between these and more “conventional” mammalian species.

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Ontogeny of B cells expressing IgM in embryonic and larval tissues of the American grass frog,Rana pipiens

Zettergren

2000

J. Exp. Zool.

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Immunoglobulins in Ranid Frogs and Tadpoles

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Innate immunological memory: from plants to animals

Innate immunological memory: from plants to animals

The Immunoglobulins of Cold-Blooded Vertebrates

Ontogeny of B cells expressing IgM in embryonic and larval tissues of the American grass frog,Rana pipiens

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