Immunoglobulins Coat Microorganisms of Skin Surface: A Comparative Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Cutaneous and Oral Microbial Symbionts

Metze, Dieter; Kersten, Astrid; Jurecka, Wolfgang; Gebhart, W.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12469908

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mammalian sIgA plays a key role in immune exclusion by coating a portion of the bacterial microbiota of the gut (17),skin (25), mouth (26), nose (27), and vagina (28). Except for the gut, it is unclear whether sIgA is the main Ig isotype participating in the bacterial coating of the microbiota at the other mucosal surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleost skin, an ancient mucosal surface that elicits gut-like immune responses

Parra

Gómez

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

428

342

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skin homeostasis is critical to preserve animal integrity. Although the skin of most vertebrates is known to contain a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), very little is known about skin B-cell responses as well as their evolutionary origins. Teleost fish represent the most ancient bony vertebrates containing a SALT. Due to its lack of keratinization, teleost skin possesses living epithelial cells in direct contact with the water medium. Interestingly, teleost SALT structurally resembles that of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and it possesses a diverse microbiota. Thus, we hypothesized that, because teleost SALT and gut-associated lymphoid tissue have probably been subjected to similar evolutionary selective forces, their B-cell responses would be analogous. Confirming this hypothesis, we show that IgT, a teleost immunoglobulin specialized in gut immunity, plays the prevailing role in skin mucosal immunity. We found that IgT + B cells represent the major B-cell subset in the skin epidermis and that IgT is mainly present in polymeric form in the skin mucus. Critically, we found that the majority of the skin microbiota are coated with IgT. Moreover, IgT responses against a skin parasite were mainly limited to the skin whereas IgM responses were almost exclusively detected in the serum. Strikingly, we found that the teleost skin mucosa showed key features of mammalian mucosal surfaces exhibiting a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Thus, from an evolutionary viewpoint, our findings suggest that, regardless of their phylogenetic origin and tissue localization, the chief immunoglobulins of all mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue operate under the guidance of primordially conserved principles.evolution | mucosal immunoglobulin | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis | cutaneous

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleost skin, an ancient mucosal surface that elicits gut-like immune responses

Parra

Gómez

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

428

342

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The current results suggest that the migration of DCs from skin to both systemic and mucosal compartments may provide such a mechanism. Furthermore, because the mucosa and skin share similar elements such as DCs, secretory organs, the presence of IgA such as that found in sweat glands (48), and microorganisms coated with immunoglobulins including IgA and secretory component of IgA (49), and can prime and boost a mucosal immune response, it is seems reasonable to consider the skin as behaving like a "distant relative" of a mucosal surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells

Belyakov¹,

Hammond²,

Ahlers³

et al. 2004

J. Clin. Invest.

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI), the application of vaccines on the skin, induces robust systemic and mucosal antibodies in animal models and in humans. The means by which mucosal immune responses to vaccine antigens are elicited by TCI has not been well characterized. We examined the effect of TCI with an HIV peptide vaccine on the induction of mucosal and systemic CTL responses and protective immunity against mucosal challenge with live virus in mice. Robust HIV-specific CTL responses in the spleen and in the gut mucosa were detected after TCI. The responses were dependent upon the addition of an adjuvant and resulted in protection against mucosal challenge with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding HIV gp160. Although it is clear that adjuvant-activated DCs migrated mainly to draining lymph nodes, coculture with specific T cells and flow cytometry studies with DCs isolated from Peyer's patches after TCI suggested that activated DCs carrying skin-derived antigen also migrated from the skin to immune-inductive sites in gut mucosa and presented antigen directly to resident lymphocytes. These results and previous clinical trial results support the observation that TCI is a safe and effective strategy for inducing strong mucosal antibody and CTL responses.

show abstract

“…Among the non-specific defenses are the secretions of the sebaceous and sweat glands and the continuous desquamation of the surface epithelium. Of the specific defenses, the local immune system constitutes the main barrier to prevent the adherence and absorption of antigen, such as viruses, bacterial adhesins, and toxins (Bos and Kapsenberg, 1986;Gebhart et al, 1989;Metze et al, 1991;Okada et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local immune response in the skin of the external auditory meatus: An immunohistochemical study

Sirigu

Perra

Ferreli

et al. 1997

Microsc. Res. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cerumen plays an important role in the protection of the external auditory meatus against several kinds of damage. Its hydrophobic properties, due to the high concentration of lipids, shelter the canal from physical damages, while other components probably protect against certain microbial strains. Nevertheless there has been considerable dispute in the literature with regard to the antibacterial activity of cerumen. Because of the importance of the role of immunoglobulins (Ig) in local defense mechanisms, we attempted to study, by immunohistochemical methods, the presence and localization of the cells necessary to activate an Ig‐mediated immune response and the epithelial expression of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in order to obtain information about a local immune response in those areas of the skin that take part in cerumen production. Our findings indicate that in the human skin of the external auditory canal the cells necessary to activate an antibody‐mediated immune response were localized in the different layers of the epidermis and/or in the dermis surrounding the sebaceous and ceruminous glands and the piliary follicle, while an intense immunoreactivity for IgA and IgG was observed in the epithelial layers of the skin. The results suggest that the external auditory canal is protected from the insults of pathogens by an antibody‐mediated local immune response, because all the effector components of an active local immune system are present. Microsc. Res. Tech. 38:329–334, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

Immunoglobulins Coat Microorganisms of Skin Surface: A Comparative Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Cutaneous and Oral Microbial Symbionts

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Teleost skin, an ancient mucosal surface that elicits gut-like immune responses

Teleost skin, an ancient mucosal surface that elicits gut-like immune responses

Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells

Local immune response in the skin of the external auditory meatus: An immunohistochemical study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About