Immunogenicity of Non-Living Anthrax Vaccine Candidates in Cattle and Protective Efficacy of Immune Sera in A/J Mouse Model Compared to the Sterne Live Spore Vaccine

Jauro, Solomon; Ndumnego, Okechukwu Chinazo; Ellis, C.E.; Buys, Angela; Beyer, Wolfgang; Heerden, Henriëtte van

doi:10.3390/pathogens9070557

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The two-step vaccination schedule was suggested based on antibody titres after second vaccination in rPA + BclA + FIS + lipopeptide in vaccinated goats, which did not differ significantly from the antibodies titres after the third vaccination and were similar to goats vaccinated twice with SLSV [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The two-step vaccination schedule was confirmed in cattle using the CrPA + FIS + Emulsigen-D ® /Alhydrogel ® plus Pen-G and PrPA + FIS + Emulsigen-D ® /Alhydrogel ® plus Pen-G vaccine formulations which stimulated a significant immune response with the latter significantly protecting A/J mice from the lethal challenge [ 41 ]. The immunogenic and protective ability of PrPA + FIS + Emulsigen-D ® /Alhydrogel ® plus Pen-G vaccine is thus comparable with SLSV in cattle [ 41 ] and consequently resulted in the current study to test the simultaneous use of antibiotic treatment with NLAVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rPA83 was expressed and purified as described in Jauro et al [ 41 ]. Briefly, the constructed PA83 coupled to His-tag expressing pStaby1.2 plasmid designated pStaby1.2-PA83.1 in Escherichia coli SE1 was induced with 0.3 mM of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PrPA procedure was adopted for the rPA83 used in the ELISA. Both CrPA and PrPA concentration for the vaccine formulations were determined as presented in Jauro et al [ 41 ], and PrPA and CrPA vaccines were formulated as presented by Jauro et al [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NLAVs consisted of the 75 µg crude rPA, 10 8 FIS, and Emulsigen-D ® /Alhydrogel ® adjuvants in 1 mL dose for each animal as well as 75 µg purified rPA, 10 8 FIS, and Emulsigen-D ® /Alhydrogel ® adjuvants in a 1 mL dose for each animal was formulated as previously described in Jauro et al [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the protective efficacy of the antibodies from goats vaccinated with PA, BclA, and FIS and simultaneous treatment with penicillin-G was not investigated. Recently, a two-step vaccination schedule of NLAV candidates (consisting of either purified and crude rPA combined with the FIS and adjuvants) and SLSV administered to cattle showed comparable immunogenicity and protective efficacy induced by the purified rPA + FIS formulation and the standard SLSV [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Non-Living Anthrax Vaccine versus a Live Spore Vaccine with Simultaneous Penicillin-G Treatment in Cattle

Jauro

Ndumnego

Ellis³

et al. 2020

Vaccines

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: Sterne live spore vaccine (SLSV) is the current veterinary anthrax vaccine of choice. Unlike the non-living anthrax vaccine (NLAV) prototype, SLSV is incompatible with concurrent antibiotics use in an anthrax outbreak scenario. The NLAV candidates used in this study include a crude recombinant protective antigen (CrPA) and a purified recombinant protective antigen (PrPA) complemented by formalin-inactivated spores and Emulsigen-D®/Alhydrogel® adjuvants. Cattle were vaccinated twice (week 0 and 3) with NLAVs plus penicillin-G (Pen-G) treatment and compared to cattle vaccinated twice with SLSV alone and with Pen-G treatment. The immunogenicity was assessed using ELISA against rPA and FIS, toxin neutralisation assay (TNA) and opsonophagocytic assay. The protection was evaluated using an in vivo passive immunisation mouse model. The anti-rPA IgG titres for NLAVs plus Pen-G and SLSV without Pen-G treatment showed a significant increase, whereas the titres for SLSV plus Pen-G were insignificant compared to pre-vaccination values. A similar trend was measured for IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 and TNA titres (NT50) showed similar trends to anti-rPA titres across all vaccine groups. The anti-FIS IgG and IgM titres increased significantly for all vaccination groups at week 3 and 5 when compared to week 0. The spore opsonising capacity increased significantly in the NLAV vaccinated groups including Pen-G treatment and the SLSV without Pen-G but much less in the SLSV group with Pen-G treatment. Passive immunization of A/J mice challenged with a lethal dose of 34F2 spores indicated significant protective capacity of antibodies raised in the SLSV and the PrPA + FIS + adjuvants vaccinated and Pen-G treated groups but not for the NLAV with the CrPA + FIS + adjuvants and the SLSV vaccinated and Pen-G treated group. Our findings indicate that the PrPA + FIS + Emulsigen-D®/Alhydrogel® vaccine candidate may provide the same level of antibody responses and protective capacity as the SLSV. Advantageously, it can be used concurrently with Penicillin-G in an outbreak situation and as prophylactic treatment in feedlots and valuable breeding stocks.

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