SUMMARYThe success of childhood vaccination against hepatitis B relies on persistence of immunity into adolescence and adulthood. In 2000, two hexavalent vaccines with a hepatitis B component (Hexavac 1 , Infanrix hexa 1 ) were introduced in Germany. Hexavac was withdrawn in 2005 amidst concerns about its long-term hepatitis B protection. We compared hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels in children fully vaccinated with Hexavac or Infanrix hexa (n=477) in a secondary data analysis of a large cross-sectional health survey in Germany. On average 2 . 4 years after vaccination, 25 . 3 % of Hexavac vaccinees had anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/ml (95 % CI 19 . 0-32 . 8) compared to 4 . 7 % of Infanrix hexa vaccinees (95 % CI 2 . 4-8 . 9). These findings suggest that short-term hepatitis B immunogenicity in Hexavac vaccinees may also be weaker. Further studies are warranted to assess whether Hexavac vaccinees should be re-vaccinated or receive a booster vaccination before these birth cohorts reach adolescence.