Immunofluorcscent Staining Study of the Salivary Glands of Mosquitoes Infected with Group A Arboviruses

Gaidamovich, S. Ya.; Khutoretskaya, N. V.; Lvova, A. I.; Sveshnikova, N. A.

doi:10.1159/000148846

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The EIP is very relevant epidemiologically: it has been found to be 2 days for Rift Valley fever virus in Culex pipiens [17] and for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus in Ae. aegypti [18]. We also found similar data: CHIKV is present in saliva from day 2 after ingestion of an infectious blood meal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Chikungunya Virus and Aedes Mosquitoes: Saliva Is Infectious as soon as Two Days after Oral Infection

et al. 2009

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Background Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are potential vectors of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The recent CHIKV outbreaks were caused by a new variant characterized by a mutation in the E1 glycoprotein gene (E1-226V) which has favored a better transmissibility by Ae. albopictus. As Ae. albopictus tends to replace Ae. aegypti in many regions, one question remained: is Ae. albopictus as efficient as Ae. aegypti to transmit the variant E1-226V of CHIKV?Methodology and FindingsWe infected orally both species with the variant E1-226V and estimated the infection, the viral dissemination, and the transmission rate by real time RT-PCR. Additionally, we used an in vitro assay to determine the amount of virus delivered by mosquitoes in their saliva. We found that Ae. aegypti as well as Ae. albopictus ensured a high replication of the virus which underwent an efficient dissemination as detectable in the salivary glands at day 2 post-infection (pi). Infectious CHIKV particles were delivered by salivary glands from day 2 with a maximum at day 6 pi for Ae. albopictus (103.3 PFU) and day 7 pi for Ae. aegypti (102.5 PFU).Conclusions Ae. albopictus is slightly more efficient than Ae. aegypti to transmit the variant E1-226V of CHIKV. These results will help to design an efficient vector control to limit transmission as soon as the first human cases are diagnosed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Chikungunya Virus and Aedes Mosquitoes: Saliva Is Infectious as soon as Two Days after Oral Infection

et al. 2009

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“…Aegypti [35], for Rift Valley fever virus in Culex pipiens [36] and for Venuezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus in Ae. aegypti [37]. With respect to our data, the presence of DENV RNA, associated with an absence of envelope expression in salivary glands at 24 hpi, suggests either that the viral particles present in this tissue at this time point are incomplete, or that there is not yet enough virus present to allow detection of the viral envelope by confocal microscopy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Induction of a Peptide with Activity against a Broad Spectrum of Pathogens in the Aedes aegypti Salivary Gland, following Infection with Dengue Virus

et al. 2011

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The ultimate stage of the transmission of Dengue Virus (DENV) to man is strongly dependent on crosstalk between the virus and the immune system of its vector Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). Infection of the mosquito's salivary glands by DENV is the final step prior to viral transmission. Therefore, in the present study, we have determined the modulatory effects of DENV infection on the immune response in this organ by carrying out a functional genomic analysis of uninfected salivary glands and salivary glands of female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes infected with DENV. We have shown that DENV infection of salivary glands strongly up-regulates the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in the vector's innate immune response, including the immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll signalling pathways, and that it induces the expression of the gene encoding a putative anti-bacterial, cecropin-like, peptide (AAEL000598). Both the chemically synthesized non-cleaved, signal peptide-containing gene product of AAEL000598, and the cleaved, mature form, were found to exert, in addition to antibacterial activity, anti-DENV and anti-Chikungunya viral activity. However, in contrast to the mature form, the immature cecropin peptide was far more effective against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and, furthermore, had strong anti-parasite activity as shown by its ability to kill Leishmania spp. Results from circular dichroism analysis showed that the immature form more readily adopts a helical conformation which would help it to cause membrane permeabilization, thus permitting its transfer across hydrophobic cell surfaces, which may explain the difference in the anti-pathogenic activity between the two forms. The present study underscores not only the importance of DENV-induced cecropin in the innate immune response of Ae. aegypti, but also emphasizes the broad-spectrum anti-pathogenic activity of the immature, signal peptide-containing form of this peptide.

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“…Attempts to use other serologic methods for the detection of viruses in vectors have been previously reported, such as the immunofluo rescence method for the detection of Vene zuelan encephalomyelitis and Sindbis viruses in the salivary glands of mosquitoes [6] and tick-borne encephalitis virus in smears from tick hemolymph [7]. The routine direct hemag glutination test was also used for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks: how ever, suspensions tested required additional treatment to remove inhibitors, HI was neces sary for final identification of the isolate, and the results did not always correlate with virus isolation results [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Method for Detection of Bhanja Virus in Infected Ticks

Gaidamovich¹,

Klisenko²,

Grokhovskaya³

1979

Intervirology

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A rapid method has been developed to detect Bhanja virus in experimentally infected Hyalomma asiatícum ticks by an indirect hemagglutination test. The titer of viral antigen in suspensions prepared from infected ticks ranged from 1:640 to 1:2,560; the antigen was demonstrated in both unfed and engorged ticks during an observation period from 2 weeks to 5 months after infection. The test is simple, easily reproduced, highly sensitive and specific, and may be useful for field studies with Bhanja virus.

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Immunofluorcscent Staining Study of the Salivary Glands of Mosquitoes Infected with Group A Arboviruses

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Chikungunya Virus and Aedes Mosquitoes: Saliva Is Infectious as soon as Two Days after Oral Infection

Chikungunya Virus and Aedes Mosquitoes: Saliva Is Infectious as soon as Two Days after Oral Infection

Induction of a Peptide with Activity against a Broad Spectrum of Pathogens in the Aedes aegypti Salivary Gland, following Infection with Dengue Virus

A Rapid Method for Detection of Bhanja Virus in Infected Ticks

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