Immunoelectrodes for the Detection of Bacteria

Rishpon, Judith; Gezundhajt, Yigal; Soussan, Lior; Rosen-Margalit, Ilana; Hadas, Eran

doi:10.1021/bk-1992-0511.ch006

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Lee et al, 2008;Seshadri et al, 2009;Yoon et al, 2010). Electrochemical, immunochemical and immune biological methods have also been investigated for ambient PBAP characterisation (Rishpon et al, 1992;Spurny, 1994;Sarantaridis and Caruana, 2010;Schmidt and Bauer, 2010). It should be noted here that complementary instruments such as biological aerosol particle concentrators have also helped enable analyses by a variety of instruments (e.g.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Non-optical-methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,173

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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Section: Miscellaneous Non-optical-methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,173

1,114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Amperometric detection of antigen-antibody interactions was accomplished by the application of redox-labeled antigens or antibodies and their competitive association to the sensing interface in the presence of the respective antigen or antibody analytes [15±18]. Ampli®ed amperometric transduction of the formation of antigen-antibody complexes was accomplished by the use of redox-enzymelabeled antigens or antibodies, and competitive assay of the corresponding antigen or antibody analytes by the current response resulting from the bioelectrocatalyzed transformation of the label [19,20]. Indirect electrochemical detection of antibodyantigen complex formation was achieved by the coupling of an enzyme-label to the antigen or antibody, and the electrochemical detection of an electroactive species generated by the biocatalyst [21±23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Antigen-Antibody Interactions on Electrode Supports by the Biocatalyzed Precipitation of an Insoluble Product

2000

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The ampli®ed sensing of an antibody by an antigen monolayer-functionalized transducer by using a biocatalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product on the transducer is addressed. Faradaic impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and microgravimetric, quartz crystal microbalance analyses are used to probe the precipitation of the insoluble product on the transducer. A dinitrophenyl, DNP, antigen monolayer is assembled on a Au-electrode, or a Au-quartz crystal, as a sensing interface for the dinitrophenyl-antibody, DNP-Ab. An anti-Fc-antibody-HRP conjugate is used as a biocatalytic probe for the formation of the antigen/DNP-Ab complex on the transducer. Biocatalyzed oxidation of 4-chloronaphthol by H 2 O 2 in the presence of the anti-Fc-antibody-HRP conjugate yields an insoluble product on the transducer. Formation of the insoluble ®lm on the electrode results in the increase of interfacial electron-transfer resistances detected by impedance spectroscopy or cyclic voltammetry. The precipitate formation also results in the mass increase of the modi®ed Au-quartz crystal detected as a frequency change of the piezoelectric transducer. The DNP-Ab is easily sensed at a sensitivity that corresponds to 0.5 ng mL 71 (3610 712 M).

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“…Enhanced sensitivity in the amperometric detection of antibodies or antigens was achieved by the use of enzyme-linked antibodies or antigens. Antigens or antibodies modified by redox-enzymes enabled the detection of analyte antigens or antibodies, respectively, by their competitive association to electrode surfaces and amperometric transduction of the formation of the antigen−Ab complex at the electrode interface via the enzyme-characteristic bioelectrocatalyzed transformation. , Indirect electrochemical detection of antibody−antigen complexes was reported using enzyme labels that produce electroactive species which are sensed by the electrode. , Amperometric or potentiometric detection of NADH, phenol, O 2 , H 2 O 2 , or NH 3 generated by the enzymes linked to the antigen or Ab were used to probe antigen−Ab interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Amperometric and Microgravimetric Immunosensors and Reversible Immunosensors Using Antigen and Photoisomerizable Antigen Monolayer Electrodes

et al. 1997

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Antigen monolayers assembled onto Au-electrodes or Au-electrodes associated with quartz crystals act as active interfaces for the amperometric or microgravimetric analysis of the complementary antibody and provide the grounds for the development of electrochemical and piezoelectric immunosensors. The antigen monolayer of Nε-2,4-dinitrophenyl-l-lysine is assembled on an electrode. The anti-dinitrophenyl antibody, anti-DNP-Ab, is sensed by the antigen monolayer, and the formation of the antigen−antibody complex at the monolayer interface is probed by the insulation of the electrode toward a redox probe in the electrolyte solution. The formation of the antibody−antigen complex is amplified by the application of the anti-antibody or the use of a ferrocene-functionalized redox-enzyme, glucose oxidase, as redox probe. A 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid antigen monolayer bound to Au-electrodes associated with a quartz crystal is used as active interface for the microgravimetric, quartz-crystal-microbalance analysis of the anti-DNP-Ab. Photoisomerizable antigen monolayer electrodes provide the basis for tailoring reversible immunosensors. The dinitrospiropyran monolayer, SP-state, is assembled on Au-electrodes or quartz crystals. The monolayer exhibits reversible photoisomerizable features, and irradiation of the SP-monolayer, 360 < λ < 380 nm, yields the protonated merocyanine monolayer, MRH+-state. Further irradiation of the MRH+-monolayer electrode, λ > 495 nm, restores the SP-monolayer electrode. The SP-monolayer acts as antigen for anti-DNP-Ab, whereas the MRH+-monolayer lacks antigen properties for anti-DNP-Ab. This enables the amperometric or piezoelectric transduction of the formation of the antigen−anti-DNP-Ab complex at the SP-monolayer interface. By photoisomerization of the monolayer to the MRH+-state, the Ab is washed-off from the sensing interface. Subsequent light-induced isomerization of the monolayer to the SP-state regenerates the electrochemically or piezoelectrically active sensing interfaces.

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Immunoelectrodes for the Detection of Bacteria

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Probing Antigen-Antibody Interactions on Electrode Supports by the Biocatalyzed Precipitation of an Insoluble Product

Development of Amperometric and Microgravimetric Immunosensors and Reversible Immunosensors Using Antigen and Photoisomerizable Antigen Monolayer Electrodes

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