Immunocyte‐Derived Nanodrugs for Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the biomimetic nanotechnology regarding the use of certain components (such as cell membranes, extracellular vesicles, proteins, etc.) derived from different cells to fabricate nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment. These biomimetic NPs usually inherit certain abilities from their parental cells, such as long blood circulation, capacity to escape from mononuclear phagocytic system, active tumor‐targeting, and controlled drug release. Immunocytes play vital roles in different tumor progression stages, and can quickly and accurately react to tumor progression via specific targeting and immune surveillance. Therefore, increasing studies focus on constructing biomimetic NPs with components isolated from immunocytes. This review introduces four main types of immunocyte‐derived nanodrugs—membrane‐coated NPs, exosomes or extracellular vesicles, functional protein‐incorporated NPs, and exosome mimetics—and summarizes the recent advances of these nanodrugs for cancer therapy. Some current challenges and future research directions of immunocyte‐derived nanodrugs are also proposed. It is hoped that this review may help researchers in the related field to design new immunocyte‐derived nanomedicines and promote their preclinical and clinical applications in the near future.

Enhancing drug penetration in solid tumors via nanomedicine: Evaluation models, strategies and perspectives

“…Finally, membrane-coated techniques are not only applicable to liposomes and exosomes, but also to the outer membrane derived from tumor cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, simian viral membranes, and immune cells [ [303] , [304] , [305] , [306] , [307] ]. The design of the membrane shell using the CM-NPs concept can be tuned to improve stability and extend the retention time of the encapsulated drug in vivo [ 308 ], to overcome barriers in the tumor microenvironment [ 309 ], to enhance therapeutic effect of immunotherapy [ 271 ], or to enhance specific tumor targeting through membrane interaction [ 310 ] ( Fig.…”

Progress of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles for cancer phototherapy

“…45 We now have a much better grasp of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicle nanotechnology. 46 These essential intercellular crosstalk messengers can act as reliable and practical nanocarriers to encapsulate and transfer a functional molecular cargo to cure pathological abnormalities. 23 Additionally, they possess inherent biophysical and biochemical features for activating a particular single/chain physiological behavior for the therapy of various diseases through their fascinating endogenous capabilities, such as precise target-homing selectivity and immunosurveillance.…”