Immunochemical extraction and detection of LSD in whole blood

Kerrigan, Sarah; Brooks, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00194-x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An immunopurification column was prepared as outlined by Rohrich et al (2000) and Kerrigan and Brooks (1999) Anti‐ergot alkaloid murine monoclonal antibodies from cell line 15F3.E5 were purified using the Affi‐Gel Protein A MAPS II kit (catalog no. 153‐6159, Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal Metabolism and Transport of Tall Fescue Ergot Alkaloids

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Circumstantial evidence suggests ergovaline is the putative toxin causing fescue toxicosis. However, several investigators suggest lysergic acid may be involved as well. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (i) determine the metabolic fate of ergot alkaloids in ruminants, (ii) investigate gastric transport, and (iii) validate these findings in vivo. Ruminal metabolism of the alkaloids was determined by inoculating endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] with viable and nonviable ruminal fluid using in vitro techniques. Total ergot alkaloid concentration increased with time due to microbial metabolism. The alkaloids were extracted, and ruminal and omasal transport investigated in vitro. Only lysergic acid crossed gastric barriers. To validate the findings, fistulated steers were allowed to graze endophyte‐infected or endophyte‐free tall fescue paddocks in a crossover study, and ruminal fluid and urine were analyzed for ergot alkaloids over time. Ergovaline was not found in ruminal fluid or urine. Urine was immunopurified from a steer grazing endophyte‐infected tall fescue and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. A peak with a signal consistent with lysergic acid was found. These results imply that lysergic acid may be involved in the fescue toxicosis syndrome.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal Metabolism and Transport of Tall Fescue Ergot Alkaloids

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Laboratory tests have shown that RIA results are accurate down to at least 0.5 ng/mL [112]. A new indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect as little as 1 pg of total drug in 25 μL blood [113].…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

Passie

Halpern

Stichtenoth

et al. 2008

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

377

319

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was synthesized in 1938 and its psychoactive effects discovered in 1943. It was used during the 1950s and 1960s as an experimental drug in psychiatric research for producing so-called "experimental psychosis" by altering neurotransmitter system and in psychotherapeutic procedures ("psycholytic" and "psychedelic" therapy). From the mid 1960s, it became an illegal drug of abuse with widespread use that continues today. With the entry of new methods of research and better study oversight, scientific interest in LSD has resumed for brain research and experimental treatments. Due to the lack of any comprehensive review since the 1950s and the widely dispersed experimental literature, the present review focuses on all aspects of the pharmacology and psychopharmacology of LSD. A thorough search of the experimental literature regarding the pharmacology of LSD was performed and the extracted results are given in this review. (Psycho-) pharmacological research on LSD was extensive and produced nearly 10,000 scientific papers. The pharmacology of LSD is complex and its mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. LSD is physiologically well tolerated and psychological reactions can be controlled in a medically supervised setting, but complications may easily result from uncontrolled use by layman. Actually there is new interest in LSD as an experimental tool for elucidating neural mechanisms of (states of) consciousness and there are recently discovered treatment options with LSD in cluster headache and with the terminally ill.

show abstract

“…Several extractive procedures have been proposed to determine LSD and its metabolites in body fluids: liquid/ liquid extraction at basic pH with varying solvents [3,4,7,10], immunoaffinity purification procedures [8,15,16], solid-phase extraction on different sorbents [17][18][19], or a combination of these methods [1,6,9,13]. In our experiments, liquid/liquid extraction seemed to be the simplest and least expensive procedure, considering that a single extraction step is sufficient for a LC-MS/MS procedure in which the high specificity of the detection balances possible partial purification of the analytes from the matrix.…”

Section: Extraction Of Urine Blood and Vitreous Humormentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap for the determination of LSD, iso-LSD, nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in blood, urine and vitreous humor

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), its epimer iso-LSD, and its main metabolites nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in blood, urine, and, for the first time, vitreous humor samples. The method is based on liquid/liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-multiple mass spectrometry detection in an ion trap mass spectrometer, in positive ion electrospray ionization conditions. Five microliter of sample are injected and analysis time is 12 min. The method is specific, selective and sensitive, and achieves limits of quantification of 20 pg/ml for both LSD and nor-LSD in blood, urine, and vitreous humor. No significant interfering substance or ion suppression was identified for LSD, iso-LSD, and nor-LSD. The interassay reproducibilities for LSD at 20 pg/ml and 2 ng/ml in urine were 8.3 and 5.6%, respectively. Within-run precision using control samples at 20 pg/ml and 2 ng/ml was 6.9 and 3.9%. Mean recoveries of two concentrations spiked into drug free samples were in the range 60-107% in blood, 50-105% in urine, and 65-105% in vitreous humor. The method was successfully applied to the forensic determination of postmortem LSD levels in the biological fluids of a multi drug abuser; for the first time, LSD could be detected in vitreous humor.

show abstract

Immunochemical extraction and detection of LSD in whole blood

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Ruminal Metabolism and Transport of Tall Fescue Ergot Alkaloids

Ruminal Metabolism and Transport of Tall Fescue Ergot Alkaloids

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap for the determination of LSD, iso-LSD, nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in blood, urine and vitreous humor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About