Immuno-physiological alterations from AFB₁ in rats counteracted by treatments with Lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01 and montmorillonite clay mixture

Abstract

High contamination by aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) has been detected in Beja province (Tunisia) in many dairy products and animal feed, which has resulted in many tons of cereals and cereals being removed from the market, causing economic loss. While removal represents a means of reducing risk, exposures still occur. Studies have increasingly focused on means of AFB 1 biodegradation/ elimination using lactic acid bacteria and clay mineral. In the study here, Lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01 (LP) and montmorilonite clay (MT) were used to reduce the physio-/immunotoxicologic disorders that could develop in rats that underwent AFB 1 exposures for a total of 7 consecutive days. The results indicated that rats treated with AFB 1 (80 mg/kg BW) alone had significant decreases in lymphocytes in their blood (including B-lymphocytes, CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T-lymphocyte subtypes, and NK cells), immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and pro-inflammatory cytokines; these rats also had altered oxidative stress status. In contrast, in rats treated with LP + MT (2 Â 10 9 cfu/ml [$ 2 mg/kg] + 0.5 mg MT/kg BW) for a total of 7 days before, concurrent with or after AFB 1 treatment, there was a significant blockade/mitigation of each AFB 1 -impacted parameter. Moreover, treatment with the mixture at any point in relation to AFB 1 treatment expectedly caused enhanced TNF and IL-1 expression relative to control values; all other parameters were comparable to values noted in control rats. Alone, the mixture had no impact on host parameters. From the results here it may be concluded the the LP + MT mixture was effective in protecting these hosts against AFB 1 -induced immunologic/physiologic disorders and that LP + MT could prevent and/or mitigate AFB 1 toxicities in vivo.ARTICLE HISTORY

Beneficial Alteration in Growth Performance, Immune Status, and Intestinal Microbiota by Supplementation of Activated Charcoal-Herb Extractum Complex in Broilers

“…Compared with CHC, MMT favored the abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileum. MMT was beneficial to the survival of strains in the gastrointestinal tract (Nadziakiewicza et al, 2019), and combination administration of Lactobacillus with MMT protected rats from mytoxin-induced immune disorders (Ben Salah- Abbès et al, 2016). Compared with CHC, AMP, and MMT, interestingly, the addition of Probio (Subtilis bacillus) did not cause significant alteration of Lactobacillus abundance in the gastrointestinal tract.…”

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of AFB1 and OTA-toxicity through immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques: A systematic review

“…The protective effects of these compounds could be explained by their ability to bind the toxin in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing its bioavailability. Otherwise, exposure to AFB1 caused inflammation and oxidative stress with a marked reduction of immunoglobulins, B and T-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (Ben Salah-Abbes et al, 2016).…”

Does probiotic Kefir reduce dyslipidemia, hematological disorders and oxidative stress induced by zearalenone toxicity in wistar rats?

“…It was reported that ZEA could have many disagreeable effects on animals, that may distress the reproductive performance of animals and even lead to death ( Sirot et al, 2013 ). In fact, ZEA was shown to be toxic to many tissues in animals causing hepatotoxicity in piglets ( Sirot et al, 2013 ), and oxidative stress, immunotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats ( Ben Salah-Abbès et al, 2016 ). Moreover, ZEA has high cytotoxicity, since its metabolites could alter the cell membrane structure and inhibit DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis inducing programmed cell death ( Yu et al, 2011 ).…”