Immuno Gold Nanocages with Tailored Optical Properties for Targeted Photothermal Destruction of Cancer Cells

Abstract

Gold nanocages with a relatively small size (e.g., approximately 45 nm in edge length) have been developed, and the structure of these nanocages was tailored to achieve strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region for photothermal cancer treatment. Numerical calculations show that the nanocage has a large absorption cross section of 3.48 x 10(-14) m(2), facilitating conversion of NIR irradiation into heat. The gold nanocages were conjugated with monoclonal antibodies (anti-HER2) to target epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) that are overexpressed on the surface of breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3). Our preliminary photothermal results show that the nanocages strongly absorb light in the NIR region with an intensity threshold of 1.5 W/cm(2) to induce thermal destruction to the cancer cells. In the intensity range of 1.5-4.7 W/cm(2), the circular area of damaged cells increased linearly with the irradiation power density. These results suggest that this new class of bioconjugated gold nanostructures, immuno gold nanocages, can potentially serve as an effective photothermal therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

Optically stimulated heating using Nd3+ doped NaYF4 colloidal near infrared nanophosphors

“…Acetone (CH 3 NPs were synthesized via a thermal decomposition reaction of trifluoroacetate precursor in mixture of technical grade chemicals, octadecene, and the coordinating ligand oleic acid. The procedure is well established in the literature [13,21]. In a typical synthesis, fixed amounts of Nd 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 were mixed with 50% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid and heated to 90 • C to obtain lanthanide trifluoroacetate precursors.…”

“…The spatial localization is usually achieved by biofunctionalization of the nanoparticles (NPs) surface with antigens [7,9,10]. Biofunctionalized gold nanostructures (nanorods [11], nanocubes [12], nanocages [13,14], nanoshells [15] as well as hybrid Au-Fe3O4 [16]) or graphene [17] have been successfully applied as nanoheaters in many in-vitro studies and allowed to diminish most of the drawbacks of the original method. However, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) used as gold nanostructures surfactant and stabilizer, demonstrated inherent toxicity.…”

Gold nanorod assisted near-infrared plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) of squamous cell carcinoma in mice

“…A variety of structures with unique structural [9,10], optical [11,12], electronic [13], magnetic [14], and catalytic [15] properties have been exploited in the areas of cancer imaging [2,[16][17][18][19], diagnostics [6,20,21], and treatment [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Noble metal nanoparticles provide remarkable opportunities in these applications due to their inherently low toxicity [31][32][33] and strongly enhanced optical properties associated with localized surface plasmon resonance [34][35][36].…”

Bottom-Up Synthesis of Gold Octahedra with Tailorable Hollow Features

“…(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) Consequently, hollow nanostructures have been used in numerous applications, functioning as nanoscale reactors for chemical reactions, (6)(7)(8) capsules for material containment, (10) substrates for generating surface-enhanced Raman scattering, (11)(12)(13) and for a variety of biomedical applications. (14)(15)(16)(17) While there are many methods for generating nanostructures with hollow interiors, (1,2) the vast majority of these procedures require a synthetic step where a sacrificial material is removed to generate the hollow features, as is the case for reactions based on galvanic replacements (18) and selective etchings. (19) The preparation of these structures could be simplified if a materials removal step was not required and a bottom-up, rather than a top-down, approach is utilized.…”