Immunization with Wuchereria bancrofti Glutathione-S-transferase Elicits a Mixed Th1/Th2 Type of Protective Immune Response Against Filarial Infection in Mastomys

Abstract

Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne parasitic infection and can severely affect the normal working ability of an individual. Currently there is no vaccine available to prevent this infection and the development of a potential vaccine could effectively support the on-going mass drug administration program by World Health Organization (WHO). Filarial parasites have complex mechanisms to modulate the host immune responses against them. The glutathione-S-transferases (GST) are the important enzymes effectively involved to counteract the oxidative free radicals produced by the host. In the present study, we have shown that the mastomys which are fully permissible rodents for Brugia malayi when immunized with Wuchereria bancrofti recombinant GST (rWbGST) could induce 65.5 % in situ cytotoxicity against B. malayi infective (L 3 ) larvae. There was a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response in the vaccinated animals, characterized by higher levels of WbGST-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and pronounced IFN-c, IL-10 and IL-4 cytokines production by the spleen cells.

Extracellular vesicles from Echinococcus granulosus larval stage: Isolation, characterization and uptake by dendritic cells

“…In the same line of evidence, we detected numerous antioxidant proteins that could neutralize the oxidative free radicals generated by host phagocytic cells such as thioredoxin peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase which have been previously described in excretory/secretory products from E . granulosus protoscoleces and hydatid fluid [53] and comprise a major detoxification system in parasites [79, 80]. Also, we identified annexins, which act as glucocorticoid-regulated proteins that promote the resolution of inflammation by limiting neutrophil recruitment and production of proinflammatory mediators and inducing macrophage reprogramming toward an alternative phenotype [81–83].…”

Cloning and expression of a Trichinella spiralis putative glutathione S-transferase and its elicited protective immunity against challenge infections

“…After being challenged orally with T. spiralis ML, the vaccination with rTspGST resulted in a 34.38% reduction of AW and a 43.70% reduction of ML. The results suggested that the partial immune protection produced by vaccination with rTspGST might be the results of a generation of anti-TspGST antibodies which neutralized the partial enzyme activity of GST [ 44 , 45 ]. The neutralization of the GST by anti-GST antibodies could decrease the survival of the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti in the host [ 46 ].…”

Onchocerca volvulus bivalent subunit vaccine induces protective immunity in genetically diverse collaborative cross recombinant inbred intercross mice

“…Notably, putatively immune individuals and infected individuals who developed concomitant immunity to O. volvulus with age also displayed a mixed Th1/Th2 response in response to L3 and molting L3 extracts 21 , 22 . Balanced Th1/Th2 immunity has also been shown to be associated with the development of protective immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti and B. malayi vaccine antigens 43 , 44 . It is clear the Ov -103 and Ov -RAL-2 antigens in the Ov vaccine can induce Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine responses based on the cytokine profiles of ex vivo re-stimulated spleen cells recovered from the protected mice.…”