Immunization with a Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus K148/08 Strain Originated from Wild Mallard Duck Confers Protection against Lethal Viscerotropic Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Chickens

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating poultry infections because of its worldwide distribution and accompanying economical threat. In the present study, we characterized the ND virus (NDV) K148/08 strain from wild mallard duck, with regard to safety, thermostability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against velogenic ND viral infection. The NDV K148/08 strain offered enhanced immunogenicity and safety relative to commercially available vaccine strains. The NDV K148/08 strain was safe in 1-day-old SPF chicks after vaccination using a coarse or cabinet-type fine sprayer. We demonstrated that the NDV K148/08 strain elicited high levels of antibody responses and provided protective efficacy against lethal NDV challenge. In addition, the thermostability of the NDV K148/08 strain was as high as that of the thermostable V4 strain. Therefore, the NDV K148/08 strain may be useful to ensure NDV vaccine performance and effectiveness in developing countries, especially in remote areas without cold chains.

Immunogenicity and protection efficacy evaluation of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) isolates in experimentally infected chickens

“…In our study, we attempted to identify a local immunoprotective vaccine against the infection of the circulating genotype. Wild waterfowl have been known to be reservoirs of avirulent and low-virulent NDV strains that provide immunogenic and protective profiles (Shim et al, 2011;Jeong et al, 2013). In our case, all the previous LBM APMV-1 isolates were highly virulent, but waterfowl APMV-1 isolates were confirmed low-virulent by biological and molecular methods of the fusion protein cleavage site (Collins et al, 1993;Byarugaba et al, 2014).…”

“…The ICPIs and IVPIs of three isolates remained at <0.44 and 0.00, respectively, throughout the passages except for the IVPI of 0.05 for NDV-178/UG/MU/ 2011. Altogether, these viruses were of low-virulent strains that can be used for immunization tests in bird studies (Jeong et al, 2013).…”

Comparative protective immunity provided by live vaccines of Newcastle disease virus or avian metapneumovirus when co-administered alongside classical and variant strains of infectious bronchitis virus in day-old broiler chicks

“…Control is normally achieved by the use of live and inactivated vaccines [54]. Haemagluttination inhibition titres were traditionally used to confirm protection against NDV challenge [55,56], and the mean NDV HI titre in both single and combined vaccinated groups described here were >5.63 log 2 , which is above the protective titre against virulent NDVs [19,23,57,58]. Current work showed that simultaneous vaccination of NDV + H120 + CR88 in commercial broiler chicks does not interfere with the induction of protective immunity against NDV.…”

Newcastle disease vaccines—A solved problem or a continuous challenge?

“…The I-2 seed strain is produced by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research and provided to countries for the production of ND vaccines for village poultry flocks (Copland and Alders, 2005). Progress in identifying and characterizing other thermostable and immunogenic NDV strains continues (Jeong et al, 2013). These vaccines are also effective in preventing clinical signs upon infection with virulent NDV, but like the others, do not prevent viral replication (Susta et al, 2015b).…”