Immunization of Lambs Against Coccidiosis by Using Ultraviolet Irradiated Eimeria Oocysts for the First Time

Abstract

The study was conducted to study the effect of Ultraviolet radiated Eimeria oocysts on immune pattern of lambs. For this purpose, Eimeria sp. (E. crandalis, E. granulosa, E. ovinoidalis, E. parva, E. pallida and E. faurei) were collected from infected sheep and propagated in a lamb for increasing the number of oocysts. The collected Eimeria sp. from the lamb, were sporulated in potassium dichromate 2.5% and divided into 3 parts; the 1 st part was exposed to UV radiation for half hour and the 2 nd part for one hour and the third left without irradiation. Nine lambs were classified into 3 equal groups; G1 was inoculated by half hour UV irradiated Eimeria oocysts, G2 was inoculated by one-hour UV irradiated Eimeria oocysts and G3 was inoculated by non-irradiated Eimeria oocysts. Fecal samples were collected from all lamb groups from 5 th to 21 th days, identified and count. Challenge by non-attenuated Eimeria was carried out at 21 th day post inoculation. The obtained results revealed that immunization of lambs by using one-hour UV irradiated Eimeria oocysts showed low number of oocysts in feces before and after challenge compared to other groups. The same group also showed high level of γ globulin as well as increasing levels of IgG. It was recommended that immunization of lambs by one-hour UV irradiated Eimeria oocysts could protect lambs against Coccidiosis.

Immunization of V-line rabbits against intestinal coccidiosis by using attenuated Eimeria oocysts.

“…Immunization of rabbits against eimeriosis by different attenuated sporulated Eimeria oocysts on experimentally infected rabbits with this attenuated oocysts showed a pre-patent period 5-6 days. Our result close ratio is consistent with that of Akpo et al(2012) The current result showed that the degree of clinical symptoms was decreased in the attenuated groups than that of the control group, this result was in agreement with that of Lee et al(2009) who recorded that Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts where subjected to gamma irradiation at various doses (1,5,10,and 25 kGy) showed reduction of the infectivity and repair of the infectivity after irradiation and Ramadan et al (2018)who reported that immunization of lambs by using one hour UV irradiated Eimeria oocysts showed no signs of recumbency, fever and off food ,only lambs showed soft feces at 13 th PI and, while our result were disagreed with Ramamoorthy et al(2006) who evaluated that vaccination of female mice with two intraperitoneal inoculation of 1x10 6 of 528 Gy of gamma irradiated Neospora caninum tachyzoites and challenged intraperitoneally with 1x10 7 N. caninum tachyzoites. All vaccinated mice remained healthy and showed no obvious signs of neosporosis.…”

“…With respect to oocysts shedding there was a significance difference in G1.G2 and G3 compared to G4 in day 6 and 15 PI .from 29 till the end of the experiment the number of oocysts were decline in G1.G2 and G3. The same result was in agreement with that of Chatterjee et al, (1996) who proved that gamma irradiated sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei inhibited sporozoites invasion during challenge infection, (Dubey et al1996) , Omata et al (2001) , Jenkins et al(2004), Ramamoorthy et al (2006) and Ramadan et al (2018). It was cleared that, there was no a significant difference in level IgA between all groups through experiment except at day 35 th , G1 followed by G2 recorded the highest level compared to other groups while G1 recorded the lowest level at 14 th DPI compared to control group while G3 recorded the lowest level at 21 st and 35 th DPI.…”

“…Our data indicated that G2 recorded the highest level of IgM at 21 st and 28 th DPI compared to other groups, while G3 showed the highest level at 35 th DPI (day post infection). This results coincided with Sher and Coffman(1992) who recorded that IgM produced in largest amounts during response against protozoal disease , Smith et al (1995) and Ramadan et al (2018), noticed that specific serum IgM levels were increased during primary infection but returned to background levels at the end of the patent period and were not affected by challenge infection. The present data recorded that, in leukocytic count there was no a significant difference between all groups from 21 st day to the end of the experiment.G1 recorded the highest level at 7 th and 14 th day PI compared to other groups.…”

“…The 1 st oocyst suspension was diluted with 2.5 ml of formalin 37%, then before using it, the sediment washed by centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 10 min, discard supernatant and re-suspended by clean distill water to clean it from formalin. Ramadan et al (2018).…”

Pursuing effective vaccines against cattle diseases caused by apicomplexan protozoa

“…Finally, UV inactivation of Eimeria sp. oocysts was applied to produce an experimental protective immunogen against coccidiosis in lambs [117].…”