Immunization of Adults Against Diphtheria

Scheibel, L. W.; Tulinius, S; Rasch, Gernot; Bojlén, K; Petersen, Celine

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1948.tb00669.x

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although the differences in antitoxin response between the groups receiving different toxoid doses were insignificant, the observations suggested a dose-response relationship as found in connection with primary vaccination (19,20), and from the present study doses as low as 2 Lf may be regarded as the borderline for boosting, if many years have elapsed since primary vaccination. This suggests a significant booster response dependency upon interval from primary vaccination, as observed for booster response to tetanus revaccination (22).…”

Section: Scheibel and Co-workers Published Results Of Detailed Analyssupporting

confidence: 57%

Revaccination of Adults Against Diphtheria I: Responses and Reactions to Different Doses of Diphtheria Toxoid in 30–70‐year‐old Persons With Low Serum Antitoxin Levels

Simonsen

Kjeldsen

Vendborg³

et al. 1986

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series C: Immunolo

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Heron, I. Revaccination of adults against diphtheria toxoid in 30-70-year-old persons with low serum antitoxin levels. Acta path. microbiol. immunol. scand. Sect. C . 94: 2 13-2 18, 1986.Studies of diphtheria antitoxin levels in serum from adult populations have indicated high frequencies of unprotected subjects. Serum from 351 randomly selected Danes between 30 and 70 years old has been assessed for antitoxin concentration; 123 persons among these, who had low antibody levels, received one vaccination with 2 Lf. 5 Lf or 12 Lf diphtheria toxoid. Side-reactions were recorded, and antibody levels were studied 4 weeks later. Antitoxin concentration following vaccination increased markedly to above protective level in 83% of those vaccinated. Of subjects, who could document a complete primary vaccination series, only one receiving 2 Lf 3 1 years after primary vaccination did not attain protective antitoxin level. Minor local reactions only were recorded among subjects who did not respond serologically to vaccination. Frequencies of more pronounced reactions experienced by serologically responding subjects depended on dose and were 15%, 14% and 23% respectively. It was concluded that a single vaccination of the present adult Danish population will induce protective antibody levels so frequently that the effect of herd immunity will secure against epidemics if future diphtheria outbreaks are experienced. To secure individual protection, vaccination history and/or serological assessments have to be explored in order to decide whether a single vaccination is sufficient.

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Section: Scheibel and Co-workers Published Results Of Detailed Analyssupporting

confidence: 57%

Revaccination of Adults Against Diphtheria I: Responses and Reactions to Different Doses of Diphtheria Toxoid in 30–70‐year‐old Persons With Low Serum Antitoxin Levels

Simonsen

Kjeldsen

Vendborg³

et al. 1986

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series C: Immunolo

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“…Vaccination of adults against diphtheria has been associated with very high frequencies of severe side-reactions, especially in persons with pre-existing immunity (9). The Schick intracutaneous test with diluted diphtheria toxin has been used in many countries to exclude immunized individuals from vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outbreaks ofdiphtheria in countries where diphtheria was thought to be nearly eradicated has provoked a particular interest in the effect of and side reactions to diphtheria revaccination of adults ( 14). It is well known that adults more frequently suffer side-reactions to diphtheria vaccination than do children (9,18). For primary vaccination of adults, smaller doses of diphtheria toxoid, compared to vaccines for pediatric use, are generally recommended.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revaccination of Adults Against Diphtheria Ii: Combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Revaccination With Different Doses of Diphtheria Toxoid 20 Years After Primary Vaccination

Simonsen

Klærke

Klaerke

et al. 1986

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series C: Immunolo

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Revaccination of adults against diphtheria 11: Combined diphtheria and tetanus revaccination with different doses of diphtheria toxoid 20 years after primary vaccination. Acta path. microbiol. immunol. scand. Sect. C, 94: 219-225, 1986. Immunity following diphtheria vaccination in childhood is temporary, and recent outbreaks of diphtheria in adult populations evoked interest in the effect of and side-reactions to revaccination of adults. 237 military recruits were randomly allocated to revaccination with 6 Lf tetanus toxoid or 6 Lf tetanus toxoid combined with 2 Lf or 5 Lf diphtheria toxoid. Side-reactions were recorded one week later, and antitoxin response was assessed after 4 weeks. Protective serum diphtheria antitoxin levels were attained by all subjects receiving diphtheria toxoid containing vaccines. Antibody response was related to dose, indicating a safer long-term protection by revaccination with 5 Lf diphtheria toxoid. All vaccinees, except one without documentation for primary vaccination, attained high tetanus antitoxin levels. Interference phenomenona between toxoids were insignificant. Mild local reactions were reported by 22% of the vaccinees. More pronounced local reactions were experienced by 5% and systemic reactions by 3%, independent of vaccine. No serious reactions were observed. Reactions were significantly related to tetanus antitoxin response only. It was concluded that combined revaccination of adults, primary vaccinated around 20 years previously, may be performed without immune assessments.

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Primary Immunization With Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids

Myers¹

1982

JAMA

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Immunization of Adults Against Diphtheria

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Revaccination of Adults Against Diphtheria I: Responses and Reactions to Different Doses of Diphtheria Toxoid in 30–70‐year‐old Persons With Low Serum Antitoxin Levels

Revaccination of Adults Against Diphtheria I: Responses and Reactions to Different Doses of Diphtheria Toxoid in 30–70‐year‐old Persons With Low Serum Antitoxin Levels

Revaccination of Adults Against Diphtheria Ii: Combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Revaccination With Different Doses of Diphtheria Toxoid 20 Years After Primary Vaccination

Primary Immunization With Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids

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