Immunization coverage and its associated factors among children residing in project affected population's resettlement colonies in urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

With rapid urbanization and large-scale development activities going on in Indian cities, a large population is displaced, which need to be resettled. Although shelter is provided, but the Project Affected People (PAP) are often neglected, they don't have access to promotive and preventive health services such as immunization, family planning services and general health checkup. This is the cost of development; such displaced groups have to pay. Immunization is often cited as being one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20 th century which has resulted in dramatic decrease in morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases. 1 However, effective protection against these diseases requires 90-95% immunization coverage. 2 Immunization coverage refers to information on the proportion of children who have received specific vaccines or are up to date with the recommended vaccine schedule. This information is essential for planning immunization programs, identifying the vulnerable groups that require ABSTRACT Background: With the rapid urbanization and numerous infrastructure projects going on in cities, large number populations are affected by these development projects. Such Projects Affected People (PAP) is resettled in colonies where critical health services are often lacking. Immunization is one such preventive and promotive health services, which is often cited as one of the greatest public health achievement of 20 th century and has resulted in dramatic decrease in morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases. However, effective protection against these vaccine preventable diseases requires 90-95% immunization coverage. This study was conducted to assess the immunization coverage in PAP resettlement area of urban slum in Mumbai and associated responsible factors. Methods: Immunization coverage was assessed with the help of the WHO's 30cluster sampling method with a sample size of 210 children in the 12-23 months age group. Results: 90% children were completely immunized. The immunization coverage was highest for BCG (98.1%) and least for measles (90%). The most common reason for noncompliance was child's illness at the time of scheduled vaccine dose. Conclusions: The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) goal of 85% immunization coverage can be achieved by community based awareness activities, supplemented by patient friendly immunization services at the health centre.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Immunization Coverage in Children in Urban Slums of Western Maharashtra

“…This reflects that the awareness of population and health-seeking nature is for the place of delivery and giving immunization to their children. Similar findings were seen by G M Jatti et al [10] and Naresh Gill et al [12] Mother's education was found significantly associated with the full immunization achievement by their child in the present study. In children of literate mothers, it was found significantly higher (69.5%) than the children of illiterate mothers (35%).…”

“…Also, it is above the coverage found in the study conducted at urban slums of Miraj in 2011 by G M Jatti et al, [10] which was 60.5%. But it is far less than the coverage found in a study conducted in urban slums of Bangalore (94.3%) in 2013 by C Karthik et al [11] and the study conducted in urban slums of Mumbai (90%) in 2014 by Naresh Gill et al [12] This variation might be due to the variation of population composition, awareness of parents, availability of health services, and combined effect of socio-demographic factors, which would be adverse for the full immunization achievement in the study area.…”

Assessment of immunization coverage and associated factors among children in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam district, Kerala

“…Among the individual vaccines in children 12-23 months, coverage was highest for BCG (100%) followed by DPT/OPV and lowest for measles (96%). Similar trend was observed by Rakesh et al, Dattaet al and Gill et al 14,16,17 The immunization coverage value for all the vaccines were higher in our study when compared to coverage evaluation survey by UNICEF and NFHS-4. 18 The dropout rate from BCG to measles first dose was 3.7%.…”

“…5 Various other studies acrossIndia has reported lower coverage. [15][16][17] This could be due to regional variation.…”

Immunization status of children attending immunization clinic at a tertiary care government hospital of Agra district

“…17 Institutional deliveries accounted for 95.2% which follows the pattern indicated in researches by Gill et al, Srikanth et al and Singh et al at 97.1, 98.8 and 95.1 percentages respectively. 13,18,19 Also it is higher than that in NFHS 4 district data for Agra. 20 Urban predominance similar to the current study was also observed by Sinha et al 21 Our study found low immunization coverage with 40.2% full immunization and 42.9% partial immunization.…”