Immunity to eimeria infections

Rose, Mark

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(87)90152-8

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It has been documented that coccidiosis is the most consistently reported health problem in poultry (Biggs 1982;Rose 1987;Williams 1999). In all parts of the world where confinement rearing is practiced, coccidiosis represents a major disease problem demanding the attention of poultry producers, feed manufactures, and poultry disease experts (Reid 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal impact on the prevalence of coccidian infection in broiler chicks across poultry farms in the Kashmir valley

2014

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The information on the epidemiology and control of coccidian parasites of broilers in Kashmir valley is based on the reports available from other regions of the world. With this background, the present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal prevalence of the disease in the temperate agro-climatic conditions of Kashmir valley. A standard protocol for sampling was followed according to which five birds per 10,000 is sufficient to diagnose coccidiosis. Microscopic examination (under 109 and 409 objective lens) was used to reveal the presence of coccidial oocysts. Different species of genus Eimeria were identified on the basis of their predilection site, morphology and size. Coccidiosis was most prevalent in autumn 45.12 ± 2.55 (September 47.5 %, October 42.42 % and November 45.46 %) followed by summer 30.84 ± 6.86, spring 23.81 ± 2.81 and winter 20.29 ± 6.40. In summer, prevalence of disease was low but afterwards prevalence of disease rose up from August to October. In spite of high relative humidity in winter, disease showed low prevalence rate. Over all prevalence for the whole year was 29.87 %. Among species Eimeria tenella was the most dominant parasite showing highest prevalence of 18.13 %. Variation in incidence of coccidiosis with respect to seasons showed a strong correlation and data was found to be statistically significant with P \ 0.05. The results obtained would be quite useful to devise appropriate and effective control strategies and prophylactic programs for coccidiosis in poultry unique to this climatic zone and other parts of the world with similar climatic and poultry production systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal impact on the prevalence of coccidian infection in broiler chicks across poultry farms in the Kashmir valley

2014

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“…It is well established that immunity following eimerian infections is species-specific and the ideal vaccine may require combination of several immunogens or conserved epitopes from immunogenic antigens of pathogenic species of Eimeria to provide adequate protection against simultaneous challenge with several avian coccidia (Jeffers, 1987). An understanding of the mechanism(s) involved in protection following natural infections caused by Eimeria species is proving to be a vital step in the development of a safe cross-species protective anti-coccidial vaccine and some aspects have been described (Rose, 1978;Long, 1983;Oz etal, 1984;Rose, 1986Rose, , 1987Lillehoj, 1986Lillehoj, , 1987Bhogal, 1989). The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of cross-reactivity among aaù-Eimeria sera and to compare antibody responses raised against five avian coccidia in the natural host (chickens) and a laboratory animal (rabbits).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐reactivity among antisera raised against five avianEimeriaspecies in the natural host and in rabbits

Talebi

Mulcahy

1995

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYWater-and SDS-soluble antigens were prepared from purified sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. praecox and E. tenella. Reactivity of . chicken hyperimmune anti-Eimeria sera, rabbit anti-oocyst and rabbit anti-sporozoite sera with the homologous and heterologous oocyst antigens were determined and cross-reactivities were expressed as a percentage of those homologous sera. The results demonstrated that the antisera from chickens infected naturally with Eimeria species differed in their reactivities from those of the rabbit antisera. Occurrence of a high level cross-reactivity among the chicken antisera may suggest that the development of parasites inside the host cells, or the production of substances during the life-cycle, affect the extent of immune responses and that most non-protective antibodies are cross-reactive.

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“…Our study shows that lesions present in the follicles varied between individuals given the same dose of oocysts, indicating that other aspects may be important. Factors such as genetic constitution, maternal immunity, and the immune status of the animal probably influence the severity of disease (8,46) and may, at least in part, contribute to the variation observed between individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infections in lambs are characterized by inflammation, villus atrophy, epithelial hyperplasia, glandular loss, and mucosal collapse (8, 9, 11). Cellular immune responses play an important role in immunity against Eimeria spp., whereas humoral immunity probably represents a less important factor (3,46,51).Immunity is dependent on effective antigen detection, and the Peyer's patches are important for the generation of an immune response. Ruminants have two distinct types of Peyer's patches, the jejunal Peyer's patches and the ileal Peyer's patches (IPP), which differ in their development, cellular composition, and function (13,28,45).…”

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Lymphocyte Depletion in Ileal Peyer’s Patch Follicles in Lambs Infected withEimeria ovinoidalis

Aleksandersen

Lie

Gjerde

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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A total of 14 lambs were experimentally infected with Eimeria ovinoidalis in two separate experiments in two consecutive years. Nine lambs served as uninoculated controls. Material was collected from the ileum 2 weeks after infection in eight lambs and 3 weeks after infection in six lambs. Lambs examined 2 weeks after infection had normal follicles. After three weeks, the follicle-associated epithelium covering the lymphoid follicles of the ileal Peyer's patches showed fusions with adjacent absorptive epithelium, focal hyperplasia, and occasionally necrosis. Macrogametes, microgamonts, and oocysts were often found in the follicle-associated epithelium and the dome region. Various degrees of lymphocyte depletion were present in the ileal lymphoid follicles in all six infected lambs 3 weeks after infection, and four lambs had decreased follicle size. Reduced staining for leukocyte common antigen (CD45), B-cell markers, and the proliferation marker Ki-67 was present in these lambs. Application of the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method for apoptotic cells revealed decreased staining in the ileal lymphoid follicles 3 weeks after infection. A marker of follicular dendritic cells, 5-nucleotidase, showed increased reactivity, probably due to condensation of reticular cells following loss of follicle lymphocytes. Reduced staining for carbonic anhydrase in the follicle-associated epithelium and the domes was present in all six lambs examined 3 weeks after infection, indicating decreased production of carbonic anhydrase-reactive 50-nm particles and a decreased lymphoproliferative stimulus. In conclusion, the present study shows that severe E. ovinoidalis infection in lambs causes lesions of the follicle-associated epithelium and may result in lymphocyte depletion and atrophy of the ileal Peyer's patch follicles.Coccidiosis in lambs is an intestinal infection characterized clinically by diarrhea and dehydration. A major cause of ovine coccidiosis is Eimeria ovinoidalis, but other species, such as Eimeria crandallis, may also be associated with this disease. Morphological changes in Eimeria sp. infections in lambs are characterized by inflammation, villus atrophy, epithelial hyperplasia, glandular loss, and mucosal collapse (8, 9, 11). Cellular immune responses play an important role in immunity against Eimeria spp., whereas humoral immunity probably represents a less important factor (3,46,51).Immunity is dependent on effective antigen detection, and the Peyer's patches are important for the generation of an immune response. Ruminants have two distinct types of Peyer's patches, the jejunal Peyer's patches and the ileal Peyer's patches (IPP), which differ in their development, cellular composition, and function (13,28,45). IPP have been attributed to have a role as a central lymphoid organ in the development of B cells, whereas a function in mucosal immune responses has been questioned (12, 36). The Peyer's patches of ruminants are outlined by a modified, follicle-associated ep...

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Immunity to eimeria infections

Cited by 58 publications

References 52 publications

Seasonal impact on the prevalence of coccidian infection in broiler chicks across poultry farms in the Kashmir valley

Seasonal impact on the prevalence of coccidian infection in broiler chicks across poultry farms in the Kashmir valley

Cross‐reactivity among antisera raised against five avianEimeriaspecies in the natural host and in rabbits

Lymphocyte Depletion in Ileal Peyer’s Patch Follicles in Lambs Infected withEimeria ovinoidalis

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