Immunity Tests in Coccidioidal Granuloma

Cooke, Jean V.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1915.00070210140010

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This study demonstrated 26 antigens in coccidioidin and 12 in spherulin. Of these, 10 appeared common to both antigen preparations, 16 were found only in coccidioidin, and 2 were unique to spherulin.…”

Section: Subcellular Localizationsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Serology of coccidioidomycosis

1990

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Serologic tests have assisted in the diagnosis and prognosis of coccidioidomycosis for a half-century. The causative agent, Coccidioides immitis, is a dimorphic fungus existing in a hyphal form with arthroconidia in nature and in the usual culture. The arthroconidia represent the inhaled infective forms which in vivo and under special laboratory conditions form spherules which endosporulate. The culture filtrate/autolysate (coccidioidin) from the hyphal phase has provided antigens of suitable reliability for currently used serologic tests. These tests are primarily to determine the two major antibody responses: the early immunoglobulin M (IgM) response is useful in the diagnosis of acute primary coccidioidomycosis. Later, IgG is produced and usually outlasts the IgM, persisting in chronic coccidioidomycosis. The IgM is detectable by tube precipitin, a corresponding immunodiffusion, or latex particle agglutination tests. The pertinent antigen(s) is heat stable and pronase resistant and appears to be largely carbohydrate, mainly mannose with some 3-O-methyl mannose. The IgG detectable in the serum and other body fluids by complement fixation and a corresponding immuno-diffusion is useful in diagnosis, and its quantitation provides an indicator of progression of disease (increasing titer) or regression (decreasing titer). The pertinent antigen appears to be a heat-labile, pronase-sensitive protein which in an unreduced form has a molecular weight of 110,000. A third very useful serologic procedure is the exoantigen test for identification of putative cultures of C. immitis.

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Section: Subcellular Localizationsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Such an antigen-antibody precipitate formed in fibrin in vivo could, by activation of complement, evoke an inflammatory cell response. The IgM-reactive antigen on the surface of spherules (24) (26). He used triturated cultured mycelium and spherules from "human lesions" in a precipitin reaction with patient sera.…”

Section: Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serology of coccidioidomycosis

1990

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“…In 1914, Cooke was the first to use C. immitis derivatives for serologic testing (26). He used triturated cultured mycelium and spherules from "human lesions" in a precipitin reaction with patient sera.…”

Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serology of coccidioidomycosis.

Pappagianis¹,

Zimmer²

1990

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

100

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and, more recently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NATURE OF C. IMMITIS C. immitis exists in nature and in the usual culture media in its saprobic form: septate hyphae 2 to 4 Rm in diameter which, in 5 to 7 days, yield a chain of multinucleate arthroconidia which usually alternate with smaller, nonviable, brittle cells (Fig. 1). The latter degenerate, thus releasing the arthroconidia, which readily become airborne. The arthroconidia can germinate to yield new hyphae or can serve as the form infecting humans and other hosts. When inhaled, the arthroconidia, in the presence of the phagocytic cells (42) and increased CO2 (80), convert into a different morphologic form. Shedding an outer wall layer and all but one nucleus, the arthroconidia round up and enlarge to produce an immature spherule. The nucleus undergoes division, which is followed by partitioning of the cytoplasm by inward extension of the cell wall. Completion of the nuclear division and segmentation produce a mature spherule with endospores within 48 h in vivo and at 30 to 96 h in vitro. Following the segmentation, the endospores become

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“…Coccidioides serology has a long and well-documented history. Pioneering studies developed by Cooke [29] with grinded cultures of C. immitis as antigenic extract, and the outstanding research conducted by Smith et al [30,31] with more than 39,000 serological tests have assisted to set up the currently serological protocols for the diagnosis and prognosis of CM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigens of Coccidioides posadasii as an Important Tool for the Immunodiagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis

et al. 2012

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Serologic diagnosis has been presented as a safe alternative for coccidioidomycosis. However, commercial kits based on coccidioidal antibodies available in the USA are considered too expensive for laboratories outside that country. In this study, we describe the preparation of antigens for detection of human coccidioidal antibodies by the immunodiffusion test (ID) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Antigens were tested against serum samples from patients with coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis, as well as healthy individuals. The highest reactivity in the ID tests was seen in the F0-90 antigen. In the EIAs, the best results were obtained with the F60-90 antigen. None of the serum samples from healthy individuals were recognized by any of the antigen extracts tested by ID or EIA. In conclusion, the F0-90 and F60-90 antigens have the potential to be commercially employed in presumptive diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis by ID or EIA, respectively. The tests could improve serological diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in South America.

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Immunity Tests in Coccidioidal Granuloma

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Serology of coccidioidomycosis

Serology of coccidioidomycosis

Serology of coccidioidomycosis.

Antigens of Coccidioides posadasii as an Important Tool for the Immunodiagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis

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