Immunisation of calves against bovine tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata) with graded doses of sporozoites and irradiated sporozoites

Samantaray, S.; Bhattacharyulu, Y.; Gill, B. S.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(80)90035-1

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Sporozoites and schizonts of T. annulata were exposed to various doses of gamma irradiation in an attempt to alter their virulence. The irradiated parasites generally caused milder clinical manifestations than the non‐irradiated organisms, 35,36 and in most instances, engendered resistance to reinfection with non‐irradiated sporozoites. Successful attenuation of T. annulata schizonts has been obtained by long‐term passage in cell culture, 37 a topic that will be further discussed in the section dealing with development of culture‐derived vaccine.…”

Section: Virulence Pathogenicity and Antigenic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against Tropical Theileriosis

Pipano

Shkap

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Theileria annulata, the cause of tropical theileriosis is propagated in cattle with stage‐to‐stage transmission by Hyalomma ticks. Three stages in the life cycle of the parasite‐tick‐derived sporozoites, intramononuclear schizonts, and erythrocytic merozoites‐infect cattle. When cattle are inoculated with schizont‐infected cells, the parasite is transferred from the donor cell to the recipient. The main pathological damage in cattle is induced by the schizont stage. Each development stage of T. annulata elicits a specific immune response. Schizont‐infected lymphoid cells can be grown indefinitely in culture and prolonged cultivation results in loss of virulence. Blood‐derived schizonts induce stronger immunity than culture‐derived schizonts, which suggests that restrictions on the parasite population or antigenic variation occur during prolonged cultivation. The duration of immunity following sporozoite or schizont infections has not yet been determined, but does not appear to be lifelong. The attenuated, culture‐derived anti‐theileria vaccine proved to be safe and effective in prevention of field theileriosis in large enzootic areas.

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Section: Virulence Pathogenicity and Antigenic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against Tropical Theileriosis

Pipano

Shkap

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…In another study, Samantary et al (1980) evaluated the use of graded doses of stabilates prepared from cryopreserved, ground, infected tick tissues. These investigators found a positive correlation between the amount of dilution of the stabilate and the severity of the host reaction.…”

Section: Other Approaches To Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators irradiated T. annulata meronts, suspensions of Τ annulatainfected ticks (Srivastava and Sharma, 1977a,b;Singh et al, 1979;Samantary et al, 1980), and meronts of T. parva (Purnell, 1977;Irvin et al, 1979;Irvin, 1984) in attempts to produce vaccines. Generally, the researchers found that the parasites were killed in a dose-dependent manner that led to a graded attenuation.…”

Section: Other Approaches To Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theileria

Mehlhorn¹,

Schein²,

Ahmed³

1994

Parasitic Protozoa

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“…It was suggested that irradiation altered virulence of the parasite rather than impair infectivity. Vaccinated animals were fully resistant to challenge infection 45 days after immunization (Samantaray et al 1980). Infective particles of T. parva were harvested from the tick vector, and cattle were inoculated with aliquots of suspensions of IPs irradiated at doses of 40–1,376 Gy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review

Viljoen

Luckins

2012

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. This review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made their impact in the past and where it might be expected they could have an impact in the future. The review outlines the extensive use of radiation attenuation in attempts to create vaccines for a multiplicity of pathogenic organisms and how the technology is being re-examined in the light of recent advances in irradiation techniques and cryopreservation/lyophilization that might obviate some of the problems of maintenance of viable, attenuate vaccines and their transport and use in the field. This approach could be used for a number of parasitic diseases where vaccination has been problematic and where investigations into the development of molecular vaccines have still failed to deliver satisfactory candidates for generating protective immune responses. Irradiation of antigens or serum samples also has its uses in diagnosis, especially when the samples need to be transported across international boundaries, or when handling the pathogens in question when carrying out a test presents serious health hazards to laboratory personnel. The present-day extensive use of enzyme immunoassays and molecular methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for diagnosis and characterization of animal pathogens has its origins in the use of isotope-labeled antigens and antibodies. These isotopic techniques that included the use of 75Se, 32P, 125I, and 35S isotopes enabled a level of sensitivity and specificity that was hitherto unrealized, and it is prescient to remind ourselves of just how successful these technologies were, in spite of their infrequent use nowadays. Finally, the review looks at the potential for stable isotope analysis for a variety of applications—in the tracking of animal migrations, where the migrant are potential carriers of transboundary animal diseases, and where it would be useful to determine the origins of the carrier, e.g., Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and its dissemination by wild water fowl. Other applications could be in monitoring sequestered microbial culture (e.g., rinderpest virus) where in the case of accidental or deliberate release of infective culture it would be possible to identify the laboratory from which the isolate originated.

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Immunisation of calves against bovine tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata) with graded doses of sporozoites and irradiated sporozoites

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Vaccination against Tropical Theileriosis

Vaccination against Tropical Theileriosis

Theileria

The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review

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